摘要
[目的]研究翠竹(Pleioblastus pygmaeus)花期生物学特性、花粉形态等,完善竹子开花生物学相关研究及其理论体系。[方法]在开花翠竹林中选取样方进行连续观察记录,结合形态观察及扫描电镜等方法,探究翠竹花序生长规律,对花粉进行解剖观察,综合评估翠竹开花不同时期的群体与个体变化。[结果]翠竹属于成片开花类型,开花后部分竹秆死亡,在开花翠竹中,从笋芽到老竹均有可能开花,花芽在10月下旬开始分化,盛花期为次年3月下旬至4月初,一天之中上午时间段开花最多,开花顺序为一个小穗内由基向顶依次开花;小花为颖花,雌雄同熟,内、外稃各1,雄蕊3,浆片3,雌蕊1,果实为颖果;翠竹花粉粒外形近球形,外壁纹饰大多为细颗粒状,单个萌发孔。[结论]翠竹作为混生地被竹种,具有明显的成片开花特性,成花转变前期发育速度较慢,次年温度回暖后开花过程加快,成片开花后竹林趋于衰败,可结实且种子可育,具有一定的自然复壮能力。
[Objective] To study the flowering biological characteristics and pollen morphology of Pleioblastus pygmaeus. [Method] Sample plots were selected for continuous observation and record among flowering P. pygmaeus.By morphological observation and scanning electron microscopy, the inflorescence and pollen of P. pygmaeus were observed for the purpose of evaluating the population and individual changes of P. pygmaeus at different flowering stages. [Result] P. pygmaeus belongs to the type of flowering wholly, parts of bamboo culms would died after blossoming. It is possible for the flowering P. pygmaeus to blossom from shoot buds to old culm buds. Flower buds differentiate in late October and flourish from late March to early April. It blooms most in the morning. The flowers are opened from the base to the top in a spikelet. Glumous flowers are monochogamy, 1 glumelle and 1 lemma, 3 lodicules, 3 stamens, 1 pistil, and fruit is caryopsis. Pollen grains are spheroidal, exine is roughness, 1 aperture. [Conclusion] P. pygmaeus is a kind of dwarf mixed bamboo, tending to decline after flowering, its development is slow at the early stage, and accelerates after the temperature warming up in the next year. Though it has a certain natural rejuvenation ability because it can be reproduced by seeds, but artificial planting with seeds is also necessary.
作者
傅华君
范婷婷
杨蒙
万雅雯
丁雨龙
林树燕
FU Hua-jun;FAN Ting-ting;YANG Meng;WAN Ya-wen;DING Yu-long;LIN Shu-yan(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Bamboo Research Institute,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
出处
《林业科学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期54-60,共7页
Forest Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31870595)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)共同资助。
关键词
翠竹
开花特性
花粉形态
Pleioblastus pygmaeus
flowering biological characteristics
pollen morphology
