摘要
2020年底中国将实现全面脱贫,特殊困难群体的持续性脱贫问题成为新的关注点。为此,本文以贫困脆弱性作为衡量特殊困难群体长效稳定脱贫的指标,并借鉴可持续生计模型,构建社会资本对贫困脆弱性影响的分析框架。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,在测算中西部农村家庭贫困脆弱性的基础上,实证研究社会资本对贫困脆弱性的作用机制。结果显示:相较于男户主家庭,女户主家庭持有的生计资本较少,其贫困脆弱性程度更高。内部生计资本中的金融资本体现了家庭的风险抵御能力,直接显著地影响家庭贫困脆弱性。社会资本作为一种外部资本,可以提高家庭风险抵御能力,进而对降低贫困脆弱性产生积极影响。在风险抵御上,女户主家庭主要依靠强关系进行非正规借贷,而男户主家庭主要依靠弱关系进行正规借贷以抵御风险冲击。研究还表明,女户主家庭的贫困脆弱性也会受到重大事件、政府补助金额等因素的影响。因此,政府应当关注女性或女户主家庭的贫困脆弱性问题,短期可加大对贫困脆弱女户主家庭的救助力度;长期可从增加社会资本的角度为其制定长效脱贫政策,如有针对性地引导社会组织和社区为女户主家庭提供支持。
At the end of 2020,China will achieve comprehensive poverty alleviation,and the sustainable poverty alleviation of special groups in need will become a new focus.Therefore,this study takes poverty vulnerability as an indicator to measure the long-term and stable poverty alleviation of special groups in need,and constructs an analysis framework of the impact of social capital on poverty vulnerability according to the sustainable livelihood model.Based on the China Family Tracking Survey(CFPS)data,this study measures the poverty vulnerability of rural households in the Midwest,and then empirically studies the impact of social capital on poverty vulnerability.The results show that compared with male-headed households,female-headed households have less livelihood capital and higher poverty vulnerability.The financial capital in the internal livelihood capital reflects the family's risk resistance ability,which has a direct impact on the poverty vulnerability of family.As a kind of external capital,social capital can improve the family's risk resistance ability,and then has a positive impact on reducing the poverty vulnerability.In the risk resistance,female-headed households mainly rely on strong relationships,while male-headed households mainly rely on weak relationships to resist risk impact.The study also shows that the poverty vulnerability of female-headed households is also affected by major events,government subsidies and other factors.Therefore,the government should pay attention to the problem of poverty vulnerability of female or female-headed households.In the short term,the government can increase the assistance to the poor and vulnerable female-headed families;in the long term,the government can make a long-term policy for them from the perspective of increasing social capital,such as guiding social organizations and communities to provide support for the female-headed families.
作者
何军
沈怡宁
唐文浩
HE Jun;SHEN Yining;TANG Wenhao
出处
《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期146-157,共12页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目“人口变化、城乡人口流动和中国的农业与农村发展”(71361140370)。
关键词
社会资本
风险抵御
贫困脆弱性
女户主家庭
Social Capital
Risk Resistance
Poverty Vulnerability
Female-Headed Households
