摘要
高层建筑具有楼层多、人员密集等特点,一旦发生火灾将给人们的生命安全和财产带来巨大的威胁和损失。每年我国高层建筑火灾占了总火灾的6%,造成了重大的经济损失和人员伤亡,给社会安全带来了较大影响。本文运用FDS模拟软件对某一高层教学楼计算机房进行模拟,设置起火点为机房后部纸箱,火源功率为1.0 MW,教室两扇窗户和前门与外界连通,得出烟气蔓延速度、温度以及烟气层分布变化规律,热释放速率由于可燃物的叠加超过预设的1.0MW,起火后10秒,烟气向延继顶部向四周扩散,并逐渐形成一个大于60℃的高温区域,烟气层最低点为1.47m,影响人员逃生,并在受阻后进行回流,形成一个烟气的高密度区。在起火后30秒,烟气层高度稳定在1.6~2.02m之间,烟气层在100秒后缓慢下降,100℃的烟气层的最低点为1.87m。本文为高层建筑火灾烟气的有效控制、人员疏散、火灾扑救提供了理论依据。
High-rise buildings have the characteristics of multiple floors and crowded people.Once a fire occurs,it will bring huge threats and losses to people's lives and property.Every year,China’s high-rise building fires account for 6%of the total fires,causing significant economic losses and casualties,which has a greater impact on social security.This article uses FDS simulation software to simulate the computer room of a high-rise teaching building.The ignition point is set to the rear carton of the computer room.The fire source power is 1.0 MW.The two windows and the front door of the classroom communicate with the outside world.And the change of the distribution of the smoke layer,the heat release rate due to the superposition of combustible materials exceeds the preset 1.0MW;10 seconds after the fire,the smoke diffuses to the top of the continuation and gradually forms a high temperature area greater than 60℃.The lowest point of the air layer is about 1.47m,which affects people's evacuation,and after being blocked,it returns to form a high-density area of smoke;30 seconds after the fire,the height of the flue gas layer was stable between 1.6 and 2.02 m,and the flue gas layer slowly decreased after 100 seconds.The lowest point of the flue gas layer at 100℃ was about 1.87 m.This article provides a theoretical basis for effective smoke control,personnel evacuation,and fire fighting in high-rise buildings.
作者
李景瑞
符凌
LI Jingrui;FU Ling(School of Safety Engineering,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Yanjiao,065201,China;School of Safety and Ocean Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing,102249,China)
出处
《华北科技学院学报》
2020年第1期63-70,共8页
Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(3142015001)
廊坊市科学技术局资助项目(2016011040)。
关键词
高层建筑火灾
FDS
烟气分布
温度分布
high-rise building fire
FDS
smoke spread
temperature distribution
