摘要
为了探明玉米种子大小和播种深度的萌芽出苗与苗期生理效应,为全苗、齐苗和壮苗措施的制定提供理论依据,通过盆栽和大田试验,研究种子大小(大、中、小粒)与播种深度(2,6,10 cm)对玉米萌芽出苗、苗期光合特性与保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:大、中粒种较小粒种出苗率高而整齐;播种深度增加,种子破土、出苗时间延迟,出苗率降低,尤其是小粒种,且播种深度对田间出苗率影响更为显著。大、中粒种与小粒种相比,苗期的叶绿素(叶绿素a、b)含量较高,表观量子效率和(最大)净光合速率更大,SOD、POD和CAT活性更高,MDA含量更低,光合能力和抗旱性更强。播种深度增加,三叶期的叶绿素含量降低,但五、七叶期后的叶绿素含量则增加,说明出苗初期浅播处理生长较好,叶绿素含量较高,之后深播处理则表现出一定优势,至七叶期时叶绿素含量均较大幅度超过浅播处理,且相应的表观量子效率和(最大)净光合速率增大,SOD、POD和CAT活性和MDA含量降低,光合能力和抗旱性增强。因此,川中丘区玉米生产上应选用大中粒种适当深播,促全苗、齐苗和壮苗,增强其苗后期的抗逆性和光合性能。
To investigate the physiological effects of maize seed size and sowing depth on germination and seedling stage,to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of measures for the whole seedling,the tidy seedling and the strong seedling. Through potted and field experiment,the effects of seed size(large,medium and small)and seeding depth(2,6,10 cm)on the photosynthetic characteristics and protective enzyme activities of maize during germination and seedling stage were studied. The results showed that: the emergence rate of large and medium seeds was higher and orderly than that of small seeds;the seeding depth increased,the time delay of seed breaking and emergence was delayed,the emergence rate decreased,especially for small seeds,and the effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence rate was more significant. Compared with small seeds,the content of chlorophyll(chlorophyll a and b)of large and medium seeds in seedlings was higher,apparent quantum efficiency and(maximum)net photosynthetic rate,higher activity of SOD,POD and CAT,lower content of MDA,and stronger photosynthetic capacity and drought resistance. With the increase of sowing depth,the chlorophyll content decreased in three-leaf stage,but the chlorophyll content increased in 5,7 leaves stage,it suggested the treatment of the early emergence of shallow sowing processing better growth,higher chlorophyll content. After that,the treatment of deep seeding showed some advantages,the chlorophyll content at seven-leaf stage was significantly higher than shallow sowing treatment,and corresponding apparent quantum efficiency and(maximum)net photosynthetic rate increased,SOD,POD and CAT activity and MDA content decreased,and photosynthetic capacity and drought resistance increased. Therefore,medium-sized and large-sized seeds should be selected for deep sowing to promote whole,neat and strong seedlings,which also could enhance stress resistance and photosynthetic performance at later stage.
作者
刘斌祥
程秋博
周芳
杜伦静
李小龙
孔凡磊
袁继超
LIU Binxiang;CHENG Qiubo;ZHOU Fang;DU Lunjing;LI Xiaolong;KONG Fanlei;YUAN Jichao(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China;Cangxi Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Cangxi 628400,China)
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期98-106,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
四川水稻多元复合种植丰产增效技术集成与示范(2018YFD0301206)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209,2016YFD0300307)。
关键词
玉米
种子大小
播种深度
出苗率
光合特性
保护酶活性
Maize
Seed size
Sowing depth
Seedling emergence
Photosynthetic characteristics
Protective enzyme activity
