摘要
【目的】研究植物覆盖对蕉园土壤养分、酶活性、微生物多样性和功能微生物的影响,明确植物覆盖改善蕉园土壤质量的效果,为植物覆盖在香蕉可持续性生产中的应用提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】以传统种植方式(裸露土壤)为对照,以自然生杂草和种植豆科植物大翼豆[Macroptilium atropurpureum(DC.)Urb.]为植物覆盖处理,分析植物覆盖对云南省蕉园土壤质量和和微生物多样性的影响。【结果】植物覆盖可有效提升蕉园非根际土壤的有机质和碱解氮含量,自然生杂草和豆科植物覆盖处理分别较裸露土壤对照显著增加24.80%~39.62%和31.63%~89.54%(P<0.05,下同),但对根际土壤的理化性质影响较小。植物覆盖显著影响根际和非根际土壤的酶活性,与裸露土壤对照相比,自然生杂草和豆科植物覆盖处理的根际土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性分别增加40.32%~52.92%和9.21%~43.10%,土壤过氧化氢酶活性下降5.88%~26.94%;非根际土壤的蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性分别增加26.82%~114.98%、19.85%~65.77%和22.52%~33.82%;与香蕉定植前相比,植物覆盖明显提升了根际土壤的蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,显著提升了非根际土壤的蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。植物覆盖影响根际和非根际土壤的微生物多样性指数,与香蕉定植前相比,蕉园土壤微生物多样性指数总体上呈下降趋势;植物覆盖显著影响非根际土壤的碳氮功能拷贝数,与裸露土壤对照相比,固碳微生物(cbbL-R)、固氮微生物(nifH)、氨氧化古菌(amoA-A)和氨氧化细菌(amoA-B)的碳氮功能基因拷贝数分别增加55.97%~69.28%、39.60%~46.36%、16.52%~379.39%和23.98%~48.15%,但对根际土壤的影响较小。【结论】植物覆盖能有效提升蕉园土壤质量,特别是非根际土壤的微生物多样性指数和碳氮功能基因拷贝数等指标,而对根际土壤影响较小。不同覆盖处理中,豆科植物覆盖效果优于自然生杂草覆盖。
【Objective】The effects of cover plant on soil nutrient,enzyme activity,microbial diversity and functional microorganisms were studied.The effects of cover plant on soil quality of banana plantation were determined,which would provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of cover plant in the sustainable development of banana industry.【Method】The traditional cropping system(bared soil)was as the control,and the two treatments including natural weed(NW)and cultivated clover Macroptilium atropurpureum(DC.)Urb.(CP)as cover plants were designed for this monitoring test.The effects of plant cover on soil quality and microbial diversity of banana gardens in Yunnan were analyzed by evaluating soil parameters.【Result】The results showed that plant cover treatments effectively affected and increased the content of organic matter and alkali nitrogen in non-rhizosphere soil,the NW and CP treatment improved them by 24.80%-39.62%and 31.63%-89.54%respectively compared with the bare soil control(P<0.05,the same below),but there was less effect on the rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties.Plant cover treatments significantly affected rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil enzymatic activities,the NW and CP treatment improved rhizosphere soil invertase and phosphatase activities by 40.32%-52.92%and 9.21%-43.10%compared with the bare soil control,the urease activities decreased by 5.88%-26.94%.The non-rhizosphere soil invertase,urease and phosphatase activities were increased by 26.82%-114.98%,19.85%-65.77%and 22.52%-33.82%,respectively.Compared to the soil before banana planted,plant cover treatments obviously increased the rhizosphere soil invertase and urease activities,and significantly improved non-rhizosphere soil invertase and catalase activities.Plant cover treatments affected the soil microbial diversity index in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere,but the soil microbial diversity index of banana plantation showed a downward trend compared with the soil before banana planted.Plant cover treatments significantly contributed to the variations of the carbon-nitrogen functional gene copies of non-rhizosphere soils,the carbon-nitrogen functional gene copies of carbon fixation microbe(cbbL-R),nitrogen fixation microbe(nifH),ammonia oxidizing archaea(amoA-A)and ammonia oxidizing bacteria(amoA-B)improved by 55.97%-69.28%,39.60%-46.36%,16.52%-379.39%and 23.98%-48.15%respectively compared with the bare soil control,but there was less impact on rhizosphere soil.【Conclusion】Plant cover effectively improves the soil qualityunder banana cropping system,especially for microbial diversity index and copy number of carbon and nitrogen functional genes in non-rhizosphere soil,but there is less effect on rhizosphere soil.Legume plant cover(CP)is superior to natural weed coverage(NW).
作者
徐胜涛
王攀磊
何翔
魏加弟
张莉
王美存
王永芬
杨佩文
俞艳春
郑泗军
XUSheng-tao;WANGPan-lei;HEXiang;WEI Jia-di;ZHANGLi;WANGMei-cun;WANG Yong-fen;YANG Pei-wen;YU Yan-chun;ZHENG Si-jun(Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China;Bioversity International,Kunming 650205,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期496-504,共9页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31600349)
云南省农业联合面上项目[2017FG001(-064)]
云南省重点研发计划项目(2018BB016)。
关键词
植物覆盖
香蕉
土壤质量
土壤微生物多样性
碳氮功能基因
cover plant
banana
soil properties
soil microbial diversity index
carbon and nitrogen functional gene
