摘要
研究东部草原区大型煤田持续开采活动对采坑周边土壤微环境的影响,探索采矿时空序列梯度对生态的扰动机制,为进一步解决矿区生态环境问题提供基础数据。以宝日希勒露天煤矿北侧矿外自然草地区为研究对象,以距采坑的距离为干扰的强度梯度、开采推进的时间为干扰的时间梯度,设置距采坑最远的样点C3为对照,通过测定不同土层中的土壤微生物数量、酶活性和土壤理化,探索露天采煤扰动条件下,草原生态系统中土壤生物活性的时空异质性。结果表明:①随着扰动强度的提高,土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,以及土壤含水量、全氮含量均减少或降低;相反土壤铵态氮和速效磷的含量提高。②随着干扰时间的延长,开采扰动对放线菌、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、土壤含水量、铵态氮、速效磷和全氮的影响增强,而对细菌和真菌数量的影响降低。③在露天煤矿开采的时间梯度与距离梯度交互影响下,土壤微生物及土壤酶活性均有一定响应,并且随着干扰时间梯度的减小,土壤生物活性的响应程度下降,而土壤因子的响应变化不同,只有个别因子与土壤生物活性具有相关性。
The effects of large-scale continuous coal mining activities on soil microenvironment around mining pits in the eastern steppe area were studied to explore the disturbance mechanism of mining spatio-temporal sequence gradient on ecological system,and provided basic data for solving the ecological environment problems in the mining areas. In this thesis,natural grassland outside Baorixile open-pit coal mine area were taken as the research object,with the distance from the mining pit as disturbance intensity gradient,and the the mining advance time as the disturbance time gradient and sample point C3 was used as comparison. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soil biological activity in the grassland ecosystem under the disturbance of open-pit coal mining was explored by measuring the number of soil microorganisms,enzyme activities,and soil physicochemical properties in different soil layers. The results show that: ①Along with the increase of disturbance intensity,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomyces in soil,activities of invertase,urease,phosphatase and catalase,as well as soil water content and total nitrogen content decreases,while the soil ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus content increases.② With the extension of the interference time,the effects of mining disturbances on actinomycetes,invertase,urease,phosphatase,catalase,soil water content,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and total nitrogen are enhanced,while it has less effect on the quantity of bacteria and fungi. ③Under the interactive influence of time gradient and distance gradient in open-pit coal mining,soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities all have a certain response,and as the interference time gradient decreases,the response degree of soil biological activity decreases,and the response of soil factors changes. Only individual factors are related to soil biological activity.
作者
包玉英
马晓丹
赵旭鹏
莫莉
张晓东
屈翰霆
BAO Yuying;MA Xiaodan;ZHAO Xupeng;MO Li;ZHANG Xiaodong;QU Hanting(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China)
出处
《煤炭科学技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期89-96,共8页
Coal Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501106-2)。
关键词
露天采煤
土壤理化性质
生物活性物质
时空异质性
open-pit coal mining
soil physical and chemical properties
bioactive substances
spatio-temporal heterogeneity
