摘要
【目的】探究自动控制灌溉条件下灌水水平对葡萄生长发育与水分消耗的影响,为温室自动灌溉条件下葡萄水分管理提供决策依据。【方法】以3年生‘玫瑰香’为研究对象,利用CR1000数据采集器、土壤水分传感器和电磁阀联合自动控制灌水,设置8个不同的灌水下限(分别为田间持水率的50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%和85%),灌水上限均为田间持水率的90%,研究不同灌水下限对温室葡萄地上部和地下部生物量、产量、水分利用等的影响。【结果】当灌水下限低于田间持水率的75%时,随着灌水下限的提高,新梢长度、新梢茎粗以及叶面积指数均显著增加,当灌水下限超过田间持水率的75%时,新梢的生长受到不同程度地抑制;葡萄根系在0—60 cm土层中均有分布,但主要分布在0—30 cm土层中,该层的根体积以及根系表面积分别占总根系的75%—89%、77%—83%。在葡萄根系分布最为集中的0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层中,各根系指标均随着灌水下限的提高呈先增加后减少的趋势,其中当灌水下限为田间持水率的75%时,各根系指标均最大。当灌水量低于6000 m3·hm^-2时,各根系指标均随着灌水量的增加而增大,当灌水量达到7000 m^3·hm^-2时,各根系指标均出现下降或增长缓慢的趋势;当灌水下限是田间持水率的75%时,葡萄的产量和水分利用效率均为最高,分别达到32270.31 kg·hm^-2、4.85 kg·m^-3。【结论】综合考虑葡萄新梢生长、根系分布、产量和水分利用等因素,滴灌条件下葡萄水分管理的最佳土壤水分区间为田间持水率的75%—90%,可以作为该种植模式下适宜的灌溉控制指标的推荐值。
【Objective】The experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation level on grapes growth and water consumption under a controlled automatic irrigation,so as to provide a basis for grapes water management under an automatic irrigation in a greenhouse.【Method】With the 3-year-old‘Muscat Hamburg’grape as the study object,a combined utilization of data acquisition terminal of CR1000,soil moisture sensor and radiotube,the experiment was carried out and set 8 different irrigation limits(accounting for 50%,55%,60%,65%,70%,75%,80%and 85%of field capacity,respectively),the same upper limit of irrigation being 90%of field capacity,so as to analyze the effects of different irrigation lower limits on biomass,yield and water consumption of ground and underground grapes in a greenhouse.【Result】The results showed that the length and stem diameter of new shoots,as well as the leaf area index increased significantly with the increase of irrigation lower limits when it was lower than 75%of field capacity.The growth of new shoots was restricted to a certain degree when the lower irrigation limit exceeded 75%of field capacity.The grapes roots were distributed in soil layers of 0-60 cm,and the main distribution area was in 0-30 cm,where the volume and surface area of roots accounted for 75%-89%and 77%-83%of the total,respectively.In the most concentrated root distribution region in soil layer of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm,there was a tendency to decrease after an increase in root index with the increase of lower irrigation limits;the root index reached the maximum with lower irrigation limit being 75%of field capacity.The root index increased with the increase of irrigation volume when the volume was lower than 6000 m^3·hm^-2,and decreased or increased slowly when the irrigation volume exceeded 7000 m^3·hm^-2.Grapes yield and water utilization efficiency reached the maximum with the lower irrigation limit being 75%of field capacity,which were 32270.31 kg·hm^-2 and 4.85 kg·m^-3,respectively.【Conclusion】Taking the factors such as new shoots growth,root distribution,grapes yield and water utilization into consideration,we could conclude that the optimal range of soil moisture was got when the lower irrigation limit took up 75%to 90%of water capacity under drip irrigation,which could be used as the recommended value of suitable irrigation control index under the planting mode.
作者
李波
孙君
魏新光
郑思宇
葛东
付诗宁
LI Bo;SUN Jun;WEI XinGuang;ZHENG SiYu;GE Dong;FU ShiNing(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1432-1443,共12页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(51709174)
辽宁省博士科研启动基金(20170520169)。
关键词
葡萄
滴灌
灌水下限
生长
产量
根系形态
grape
drip irrigation
irrigation lower limit
growth
yield
root morphology
