摘要
采用样地法在大巴山自然保护区内设立6个垂直带与9个水平带,共33块样地进行蚁类调查,探讨大巴山自然保护区的蚂蚁物种组成及分布规律。结果表明:在大巴山自然保护区共采集到蚂蚁34328头,分属于5亚科32属59种,其中24种为重庆新记录种;掘穴蚁等26种蚂蚁的垂直分布高差在350 m以下,生态幅狭窄;四川曲颊猛蚁等24种蚂蚁仅分布于1个垂直带,水平分布范围最窄;不同海拔样地的优势种基本稳定在1~3种,物种数有3~19种,稀有种有0~10种,后二者随海拔增加均呈先平缓增加后降低的单峰格局,并在海拔1000 m处达到峰值;不同水平带之间的蚂蚁群落相似性随海拔增加呈单峰格局,并在海拔1250 m达到峰值。因此,大巴山自然保护区蚂蚁物种的分布与海拔梯度及水平分布位置密切相关,有近一半的蚂蚁物种生态幅狭窄,且水平分布仅在1个点。蚂蚁物种分布也受人为因素影响,低海拔地带受人为干扰重,生境破碎化、单一化,不利于不同群落间蚂蚁物种的交流与扩散。
To explore the diversity of ant fauna in the Dabashan National Nature Reserve of Chongqing Municipality,sample-plot method was applied to investigate the community composition and spatial distribution patterns of ant species in 33 sample plots along 6 vertical and 9 horizontal bands in Daba Moutains.The results showed that a total of 34328 ant individuals were collected,which belonged to 59 species,32 genera,and 5 subfamilies of Formicidae,and 24 species were new record species to Chongqing;26 species(e.g.Formica cunicularia)had the narrowest range below 350 m,suggesting their low adaptivity to environment.At horizontal distribution,24 species(e.g.Gnamptogenys panda)appeared only in 1 vertical band which had the narrowest horizontal distribution.In each sample plot,dominant species ranged from 1 to 3,while total species changed from 3 to 19 and scarce species ranged from 0 to 10.Both total and scarce species in sample plot along different altitude showed a peak model with a slow increasing at low altitude,peak at 1000 m a.s.l.and decreasing at high altitude.The similarity coefficients between ant communities at same altitude showed a unimodal pattern along increased altitude with a peak at 1250 m a.s.l..From this,The distribution of ant species on Dabashan nature reserve is restricted by altitudes and horizontal distribution spots,and nearly half of species have low adaptivity to environment and distributed in only 1 horizontal spot.The distribution of ant species was also affected by human factor.It was not beneficial to communication and spread of ant population in zone at low altitude disturbed by human production,which resulted in a habitat fragmentation and simplification.
作者
陈友
罗长维
Chen You;Luo Changwei(Chongqing City Management College,Chongqing 401331,China)
出处
《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第2期86-95,共10页
Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences
基金
重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目(cstc2015jcyjA00004)资助
重庆市教委科研项目(KJ1731421)资助。
关键词
蚂蚁
水平分布
垂直分布
生态幅
群落相似性
自然保护区
ant
horizontal distribution
vertical distribution
ecological amplitude
community similarity
nature reserve
