摘要
黄河中游是黄河流域的主要产沙区,准确表达不同时间尺度的水沙输移规律是预测未来流域产沙的关键之一。该文旨在研究黄河中游不同地貌类型区日和年时间尺度输沙率与流量之间的关系及影响因素。结果表明:黄河中游72个水文站点日尺度和其中58个水文站点年尺度的输沙率与流量之间呈显著的幂函数关系;黄土区日和年尺度幂函数关系中系数和指数偏大,土石山区较小;年尺度的系数大于日尺度,年尺度的指数总体小于日尺度;相关性分析及逐步多元回归分析结果显示,各类型区水沙关系的控制因子有所差异。砒砂岩和风沙区在年尺度下指数的控制因子为流量历时和气温,系数的控制因子为流量峰度;黄土区日和年尺度系数的主控因子为控制面积,指数受流量历时和地形的显著影响;土石山区日和年尺度系数受植被覆盖的显著影响;黄河中游植被覆盖对日和年尺度系数的影响存在阈值。
The middle Yellow River basin is known for its extremely high rates of erosion that account for most of the sediment yield in the Yellow River. A suspended sediment rating curve(SRC) describes the relationship between the water discharge and the suspended sediment discharge in a river. Accurately modeling of the SRC at different timescales is important for improving sediment yield prediction in the middle Yellow River basin. The purpose of this study is to examine how various parameters characterizing the daily and annual SRC are related to the river basin characteristics and climate factors. The results show that daily SRC from 72 hydrologic gauging stations and annual SRC from 58 hydrologic gauging stations in the middle Yellow River basin can be fitted by a power function. The annual function coefficient is larger than the daily coefficient while the power exponent is smaller than the daily exponent with both the daily and annual coefficients and exponents in the loess regions being larger than in the rocky mountainous regions. A correlation and a stepwise multiple regression analysis show that the key factors controlling the daily and annual SRC fitting parameters differ with different landform types. In the soft sandstone and aeolian area, the annual exponent is affected by the flow duration and the temperature, and the controlling factor for the annual coefficient is the peak flow anomaly. In the loess area, the main factor controlling the coefficient is the gauging area, while the exponents for both timescales are significantly affected by the flow duration and the terrain. The daily and annual coefficients in the rocky mountainous regions are strongly affected by the vegetation coverage while the coefficients for both timescales have threshold values related to the vegetation coverage in the middle Yellow River basin.
作者
王冰洁
李二辉
王彦君
张世彦
傅旭东
WANG Bingjie;LI Erhui;WANG Yanjun;ZHANG Shiyan;FU Xudong(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期440-448,共9页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402406)。
关键词
输沙率-流量关系
黄河中游
时间尺度
流域特性
植被
sediment rating curve
middle Yellow River basin
timescale
watershed characteristics
vegetation
