摘要
选取番茄品种“金冠5号”为试材,在日光温室中利用遮阳网设计不同寡照(光合有效辐射,PAR<200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)持续日数(0、1、3、5、7、9 d)及正常光照条件下的恢复试验,研究寡照胁迫对番茄开花座果、产量形成及果实品质的影响。结果表明:持续寡照胁迫造成番茄开花期推迟,开花数和单穗果实数减少,座果率降低,寡照胁迫7—9 d,番茄花期推迟一周左右;寡照胁迫还导致番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径降低,非商品果率增加,寡照9 d处理番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径分别较CK低0.04 kg、1.80 kg和1.10 cm,非商品果率较CK高3.1%;寡照胁迫下,番茄单株产量与植株叶片数,叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合速率等光合参数均呈显著正相关,而与叶片胞间CO 2浓度呈负相关;番茄果实维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量随寡照胁迫持续时间增加而降低;而番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度则相反,且寡照胁迫持续时间越长,番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度越高。研究结论可为定量评估寡照灾害对设施番茄开花座果、产量及品质的影响提供一定依据。
In this study,tomato variety of"Golden Crown No.5"was taken as the experiment material.Different radiations(photosynthetically active radiation,PAR<200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)and durations(0,1,3,5,7,9 d)in the greenhouse by using shading nets and a recovery treatment under normal sunshine conditions were carried out to study the effects of shading stress on flower-fruit,yield formation and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato.The results show that continuous shading stress delays the florescence,reduces the number of flowers and fruits on a single panicle as well as decreases the fruit-setting rate.Shading stress lasting more than 7 days causes the date of tomato flowering delaying about one week.Shading stress also results in the decrease of single fruit weight,yield per plant,fruit diameter and the increase of non-commercial fruit rate.Under the condition of 9-day continuous shading stress,the single fruit weight,yield per plant and fruit diameter are lower than CK(no shading stress)by 0.04 kg,1.8 kg and 1.1 cm,respectively.The non-commercial fruit rate is higher than CK by 3.1%.Under shading stress,the yield per plant of tomato positively correlates with the photosynthetic parameters such as leaf number,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate significantly,while negatively correlates with intercellular CO 2 concentration.The content of vitamin C,soluble sugar and soluble protein in tomato fruit decrease with the increase of duration of shading stress.In opposite,the ascorbic acid content,organic acid content and total acidity of tomato fruit increase with the longer duration of shading stress.The conclusions from this study can provide a basis for quantitative evaluation of the effects of continuous shading stress on flower-fruit,yield formation and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato.
作者
张继波
薛晓萍
李楠
李鸿怡
江梦圆
ZHANG Ji-bo;XUE Xiao-ping;LI Nan;LI Hong-yi;JIANG Meng-yuan(Shandong Climate Center,Ji′nan 250031,China;Collabortive Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2020年第2期85-91,共7页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
山东省气象局气象科学技术研究项目(面上课题)“基于温光效应模型的日光温室番茄寡照灾害影响评估”(2017sdqxm02)
“十三五”山东重大气象工程项目(鲁发改农经〔2017〕97号)共同资助。
关键词
寡照
温室
番茄
产量
品质
Shading stress
Greenhouse
Tomato
Yield
Quality
