摘要
水土漏失具有隐蔽性、特殊性和复杂性,有效监测水土漏失是水土漏失研究的难点问题。通过对洞穴滴水示踪、137 Cs同位素示踪、模拟试验、数学模型等水土漏失监测方法的分析,得出以下结论:1)洞穴滴水示踪技术监测获得的水土漏失量普遍偏大;2)137 Cs示踪法在均质土壤条件下可以定量示踪土壤侵蚀,但还不能定量示踪非均质的喀斯特石漠化地区的水土漏失;3)水土漏失模拟试验可以揭示一定的水土漏失机理和规律,试验结论与自然界土壤地下漏失情况有一定偏差,实验结果还难以推广至流域尺度;4)当前已构建的地下漏失数学模型对于地下水土漏失的预测还不够准确,其原因是数学模型中的某个影响因子的获取难度不亚于直接监测水土漏失的困难。鉴于当前水土漏失监测方法的不足,需要从水文地质勘测的方法中寻找合理的水土漏失监测法,建立长期监测的机制,为有效防治和阻控地下水土漏失提供科学依据。
Soil leakage loss(SLL)has the characteristics of concealment,particularity and complexity.Effectively monitoring SLL has become one of the core problems of soil and water loss research.Through the analysis of SLL mathematical model method,cave dripping tracer method,simulation test monitoring method and 137 Cs tracer method,we found that:1)the amount of SLL through drip tracer in cave is larger than in nature;2)137 Cs tracer method can quantitatively trace soil erosion in homogeneous soil,but it cannot quantitatively trace SLL in non-homogeneous karst rocky desertification areas;3)the mechanism and law of SLL can be revealed through the simulation test,but the conclusion of SLL simulation is difficult to be popularized on slope and in small watershed.The reason is that it is as difficult to obtain an influencing factor in the mathematical model as SLL monitoring;4)present mathematical models are not reliable enough to estimate SLL.In view of the deficiency of the above monitoring methods,a suggestive and more reasonable one is probably from the methods of hydrogeological survey,one for a long-term monitoring and offering effective prevention and control of SL.
作者
吴清林
梁虹
熊康宁
李瑞
WU Qinglin;LIANG Hong;XIONG Kangning;LI Rui(School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)
出处
《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2020年第3期30-38,共9页
Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences
基金
国家十三五重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502607)
贵州省研究生教育创新计划项目(黔教研合GZS字[2016]04号)
贵州省科技计划重大专项(黔科合平台人才[2017]5411号)
2016年贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2016]284)
贵州省2017年度科技支撑计划项目:贵州石漠化旅游产品开发研究与试验示范(黔科合支撑[2017]2872)。
