摘要
基于"农转居"政策前群体初始职业分化的事实,透视"农转居"劳动者就业的职业结构质量。描述性分析表明:"农转居"劳动者非农职业转移过程中存在职业"内卷化"现象,但群体非农职业转移也是初始职业影响下,逐步降低职业"内卷化"指数、逐渐提高职业结构质量的过程;"农转居"劳动者综合职业属性结构质量较低,并且职业属性结构质量低于单位属性结构质量,面临相对较易进入正规部门但较难从事技术管理型工作的窘境;在"农转居"劳动者内部,初始职业为农业劳动者的职业结构质量低于未就业者和非农职业者群体,农业劳动者非农职业转移面临的困境更为突出。Logistic二元回归分析表明:"农转居"劳动者就业的职业结构质量受学历水平、社会关系、初始职业、性别和年龄等因素的影响,较高的学历水平、拥有"社会关系"、较高的初始职业层次和低年龄有助于降低职业"内卷化"、提高就业的职业结构质量。文章从关照"农转居"劳动者初始职业分化的事实、构建社会支持网络、规范企业招聘制度、实施提升职业竞争力的职业培训、重视学历再教育、加强对中高年龄劳动者就业支持等方面,讨论了消除职业"内卷化"、提高群体就业的职业结构质量应注意的问题。
Based on the fact of mass first occupation differentiation under farmers-to-citizens policy,the present study investigated the quality of farmer-converted citizen workers’ occupational structure. Descriptive analysis indicates that there exists occupational involution among workers shifting into non-agricultural professions. However,the mass non-agricultural occupation transfer is also a process of gradual decrease of occupational involution index and improvement of the quality of occupation structure under the influence of first occupation. The quality of the comprehensive occupational attribute structure is lower than that of the unit structure,so it is relatively easy to enter the formal sector but difficult to engage in technical management. Among the farmer-converted citizen workers,the quality of the occupational structure of workers with agriculture as their first work area is lower than that of the unemployed and non-agricultural workers,and agricultural workers faces a more prominent dilemma in the transition to non-agricultural occupations. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that the quality of farmer-converted citizen workers’ occupational structure is influenced by factors such as education level,social relations,the first occupation,gender and age. Higher level of education,having"social relationship",higher initial career levels and low age contribute to the reduction of occupational involution and improvement of the quality of career structure. This paper discusses the problems that should be noticed in eliminating occupational involution and improving the quality of career structure from the following aspects:paying attention to the occupation differentiation of farmer-converted citizen worker;the establishment of social support networks;the standardization of enterprise recruitment system;the implementation of vocational training in vocational competitiveness;emphasis put on re-education,strengthening of the support for middle-age and old workers’ employment,etc.
作者
张祥晶
ZHANG Xiang-jing(Hangzhou Normal University,School of Public Administration,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121,China)
出处
《西北人口》
CSSCI
2020年第3期46-56,共11页
Northwest Population Journal
基金
浙江省哲学社会学科基金项目“城镇化进程中“村改居”劳动年龄人口职业转移问题研究——以杭州和宁波为例”(编号17NDJC066YB)。
关键词
“农转居”劳动者
职业结构质量
Farmer-converted Citizen Workers
The Quality of Occupational Structure
