摘要
为了对具有工序刚性约束的装配线进行优化配置,提出一种基于并行工位设计和装配序列规划的自动化装配生产线多目标优化方法,主要包括:①针对工序刚性约束的自动化装配线的特殊性,搭建了以成本和生产节拍为多目标的装配线优化数学模型;②针对数学模型中决策变量的离散性特点,提出基于随机键的两段式编/解码方法,综合考虑了装配工艺中的优先关系、直接优先关系、完全分配约束和最大并行度限制等,实现了对工序刚性约束的描述;③将基于拥挤度的Pareto评价方法嵌入回溯搜索优化算法,实现了工序刚性约束下的装配线多目标优化;④通过断路器自动化装配线进行案例验证。结果表明,在装配生产线上各作业元素时间和设备单元成本固定且均已知的条件下,所提出的方法能够为该类装配线计算出最优配置方案,且将计算出的优化配置方案(成本517.5万元,节拍3.2秒/级)与现有方案(成本636.0万元,节拍5.4秒/级)对比,发现生产效率提高了40.7%,装配线成本降低了18.6%。
To optimize the assembly line considering rigid tasks constraint, a multi-objective optimization method for automatic assembly line is proposed based on the workstation parallelization and the assembly line sequencing, including:(1) Aiming at the features of automatic assembly line considering rigid-constraint tasks, a multi-objective mathematical model is established to simultaneously optimize equipment cost and production efficiency.(2) To determine the decision variables, a two-stage encoding/decoding rule is proposed based on the random key method, while precedence relationship, immediate precedence relationship, complete distribution constraint, and parallelism constraints are analyzed.(3) By merging the congestion-based Pareto strategy into the backtracking search optimization algorithm, the considered issue can be optimized.(4) The case study is implemented by taking the automatic circuit breaker assembly line as an example. The result shows that the proposed method is capable to obtain the optimal scheme for the assembly line for both the equipment cost and production efficiency. The optimized scheme(equipment cost is 5.175 million RMB and tact time is 3.2 seconds) is 40.7% and 18.6% improved respectively in terms of production efficiency and equipment cost by comparing with the existing scheme(equipment cost is 6.360 million RMB and tact time is 5.4 seconds).
作者
杨艳芳
杨秒
舒亮
吴自然
陈定方
YANG Yanfang;YANG Miao;SHU Liang;WU Ziran;CHEN Dingfang(School of Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063;Low-Voltage Apparatus Technology Research Center of Zhejiang,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035;Engineering Research Center of Port Logistics Technology and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063)
出处
《机械工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期181-192,共12页
Journal of Mechanical Engineering
基金
浙江省重点研发计划(2017C01008)
浙江省分析测试科技计划(2018C37068)
温州市重大科技专项(2018ZG020,2018ZG027)
浙江省低压电器工程技术研究中心开放基金(201711-01)资助项目。
关键词
自动化装配线
多目标优化
工序刚性约束
并行工位
装配序列规划
回溯搜索优化算法
automatic assembly line
multi-objective optimization
rigid tasks constraints
parallel workstation
assembly line sequencing
backtracking search optimization algorithm
