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新疆生产建设兵团畜禽粪便产生量测算和土地承载力研究 被引量:3

Livestock Manure Production and Land Carrying Capacity in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
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摘要 本文结合前人研究结果,根据新疆生产建设兵团(下文简称“兵团”)畜牧业和种植业统计数据进行分析,明确主要畜禽的饲养期、粪便排泄系数,以及主要农作物形成100kg经济产量所需的氮、磷量。结果表明:2016年兵团畜禽粪便排放量达到了1716.44×10^4t,且羊>奶牛>猪>肉牛>家禽>马驴>兔;耕地畜禽粪便负荷13.700t·hm^-2;畜禽粪便平均氮素负荷80.818kg·hm^-2,畜禽养殖氮素排泄总量达到了10.13×10^4t;畜禽粪便平均磷素负荷18.816kg·hm^-2,畜禽养殖磷素排泄总量达到2.36×10^4t(折合成P2O5为5.41×10^4t)。2016年兵团农作物N、P需求量分别为36.50×10^4t、7.61×10^4t;畜禽粪便扣除流失的N、P后所能提供的N、P量分别为2.96×10^4t、0.74×10^4t;农田畜禽养殖承载以N、P计分别为3317.91×10^4和4612.30×10^4头猪当量,实际饲养量占承载量的27.74%和31.05%,承载潜力分别为72.26%和68.95%。从土地承载力来看,说明兵团发展畜牧业的空间还很大。 Based on the statistics of animal husbandry and planting,as well as the analysis of previous studies,the fecal excretion coefficient of main livestock and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus required were determined.Results showed that the emission of livestock manure of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)was 1716.44×10^4t million tons(sheep>cows>pigs>beef cattle>poultry>horses and donkeys>rabbits)in 2016.The Farmland load,the average nitrogen load,the total nitrogen excretion,the average phosphorus load and the total phosphorus excretion amount were 13.700 t·hm^-2,80.818kg·hm^-2,10.13×10^4t tons,18.816kg·hm^-2,and 2.36×10^4t respectively.The N and P demand of crops in XPCC were 36.50×10^4t and 7.61×10^4t,respectively.After deducting the loss,the N and P quantities provided were 2.96×10^4t and 0.74×10^4t in livestock manure.In terms of N and P,the farmland load for pigs were 3,317.91 and 46.123 million,respectively.The actual feedstock only accounted for 27.74%and 31.05%of the bearing capacity,and the holding potentiality of land were 72.26%and 68.95%,respectively.So we have the conclusion that:there has a large space to develop animal husbandry in XPCC.
作者 刘福元 翟中葳 杨井泉 杨国江 郜兴亮 宋志强 LIU Fu-yuan;ZHAI Zhong-wei;YANG Jing-quan;YANG Guo-jiang;GAO Xing-liang;SONG Zhi-qiang(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Institute of Field Water Conservancy,Soil and Fertilizer Research,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)
出处 《绿洲农业科学与工程》 2019年第3期13-21,共9页 Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering
基金 国家支撑计划(2012BAD43B01) 兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2019AB028)。
关键词 畜禽粪便 农田负荷量 土地承载力 资源化利用 Livestock manure Nitrogen Phosphorus Farmland load Land carrying capacity Resource utilization
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