摘要
酶是能够进行复杂化学反应的生物催化剂,具有活性高、选择性好和环境友好等优良特性。然而用于催化反应的酶来源较窄,空间结构相对柔性易失活,以及催化稳定性差等不足,客观上限制了其应用的进一步扩大,强化酶催化性能包括提高酶活性和增加酶催化稳定性是近年生物工程领域的研究热点。不同的糖类物质对酶的活性均有不同程度的保护作用,葡聚糖是一种以葡萄糖为单元通过糖苷键连接而成的同型多糖,在酶催化性能强化的过程中得到了越来越多的关注。近几年来有关葡聚糖在酶催化性能强化中的研究报道相对较多,本文主要综述了葡聚糖作为交联剂、修饰剂和添加剂在酶固定化过程中的研究进展,介绍了葡聚糖在有机溶剂和无溶剂酶催化体系中的应用实例,分析了葡聚糖对酶催化性能的影响,为葡聚糖在酶催化中的进一步应用奠定基础。
Enzymes are biocatalysts that can perform complex chemical reactions,and have excellent properties such as high activity,good selectivity,and environmental friendliness. However,the sources of enzymes used for catalytic reactions are relatively narrow,the space structure is relatively flexible and easily inactivated. The poor catalytic stability is inadequate,which has objectively limited its further expansion. Enzyme catalytic performance enhancement,including increasing enzyme activity and increasing enzyme catalytic stability,is a research hotspot in the field of bioengineering in recent years. Different carbohydrates have different degrees of protection on enzyme activity. Dextran is a kind of homologous polysaccharide with glucose as unit and connected by glycoside bond. More and more attentions have been paid to the enhancement of enzyme catalytic performance. In recent years,there are relatively many research reports on the enhancement of dextran in the catalytic performance of enzymes. This article mainly reviewes the research progress of dextran as a crosslinking agent,modifier and additive in the process of enzyme immobilization. Examples of the application of sugar in organic solvent and solvent-free enzyme catalytic systems,the effect of dextran on the catalytic performance of the enzyme were analyzed,which laid the foundation for the further application of dextran in enzyme catalysis.
作者
杜雪飞
王文君
李雪玉
周华
DU Xue-fei;WANG Wen-jun;LI Xue-yu;ZHOU Hua(College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Technologa Universif,Nanjing 211816,China)
出处
《食品工业科技》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第12期348-352,共5页
Science and Technology of Food Industry
基金
国家重点基础研究计划(973)(2013CB733904)。
关键词
固定化酶
酶催化
葡聚糖
性能强化
稳定性
immobilized enzyme
enzyme catalysis
dextran
strengthen the performance
stability
