摘要
目的了解克拉玛依市小学生近视的流行病学特征及相关影响因素,为小学生近视防控工作提供参考依据。方法对克拉玛依市17所小学进行分阶段整群抽样,共选取一至六年级小学6所,每所学校抽取一个年级,共计752名小学生为研究对象,于2019年4~6月,课题组成员赴调查学校对研究对象进行视力测试,视力测试按照《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究工作手册》要求进行。共发放问卷752份,由学生家长负责填写,内容包括小学生近视现状,生长发育因素、学习生活习惯和家庭因素等,最终纳入721份。结果视力正常组483人,占67%,近视组为238人,占33%。不同性别、年级、入学年龄和入学时是否近视的发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女生的近视发生率高于男生。五年级和六年级小学生近视发生率最高,5~6岁入学年龄组和7~8岁、8~9岁入学年龄组近视发生率高于6~7岁入学年龄组。小学生的营养情况、在家是否躺着看书、家庭月收入是小学生近视发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论克拉玛依市小学生近视防控工作有待进一步加强,家长应注重小学生的营养情况,培养正确的用眼习惯,加强对小学生视力的关注。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors of myopia in primary school students in Karamay,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia on primary school students.Methods A total of 17 primary schools in Karamay City were sampled in groups by stages.Six primary schools from grade one to grade six were selected,with each school taking one grade.A total of 752 primary school students were selected as study objects.From April to June 2019,members of the investigation team went to the subject school to test the eyesight of the students.The eyesight test was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the National Working Manual for Investigation and Research on Students′Physical Health.A total of 752 questionnaires were sent out,which were filled in by the parents of the students,including the current situation of myopia,growth and development factors,learning and living habits and family factors,and 721 were finally included.Results There were 483 in the normal vision group(67%),while 238 in the myopia group(33%).There were significant differences in gender,grade,school age and the incidence of myopia(P<0.05).The incidence of myopia of girls is higher than that of boys.The highest incidence of myopia was among pupils in Grade 5 and 6.The incidences of myopia in the 5-6 year-old group,the 7-8 year-old group and 8-9 year-old group were higher than that in the 6-7 year-old group.The nutritional status of primary school students,whether they lay at home and read books,and monthly family income were the influencing factors of myopia(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevention and control of myopia of primary school students in Karamay need to be further strengthened.Parents should pay attention to the nutrition status of primary school students,develop the correct eye using habits,and strengthen the awareness on the eyesight of the primary school students.
作者
朱颖淑
谢勇
王小娜
王婷婷
郑玉建
ZHU Yingshu;XIE Yong;WANG Xiaona;WANG Tingting;ZHENG Yujian(School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,China;Karamay City Center Hospital,Xinjiang Karamay 834000,China;Department of Health Services and Management,School of Nursing&Health Management,Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China)
出处
《新疆医科大学学报》
CAS
2020年第5期664-668,673,共6页
Journal of Xinjiang Medical University
基金
国家自然科学基金(81860179)。
关键词
近视
小学生
影响因素
myopia
primary school students
influencing factors
