摘要
为明确四川省夏玉米机械化粒收质量现状及主要影响因素,2017-2018年对四川省大面积主推的20余个玉米品种开展机械粒收试验,测定各参试品种植株性状、果穗性状及每次收获各品种的茎杆、穗轴、籽粒含水率,籽粒和穗轴力学强度,机械粒收质量。结果表明:1)2年收获的籽粒含水率为10.14%~37.16%,90.00%的测试样本籽粒含水率在29.00%以下;破碎率为5.80%,未达到≤5.00%的国家标准;杂质率为2.56%,符合≤3.00%的国家标准;落粒率为1.02%。收获推迟可降低籽粒含水率,能提高玉米机械粒收质量;2)破碎率在品种间差异明显,主要受籽粒含水率和籽粒力学强度的影响;穗轴是杂质的主要成分,杂质率与穗轴含水率及力学强度关系密切;随籽粒含水率的降低,落粒率呈逐渐降低的趋势。四川省单作夏玉米可满足机械粒收对籽粒含水率的要求,选用生育后期脱水快、籽粒物理力学特性适宜、穗轴力学强度小、韧性强、株高及穗位高适宜的品种,并根据气候条件及作物衔接情况适时晚收,来提高四川省夏玉米机械粒收质量。
The aim of this study was to clarify the present situation and main influencing factors of mechanized grain harvesting quality of summer maize in Sichuan Province.From 2017 to 2018,mechanical grain harvesting experiments were carried out on more than 20 maize varieties in Sichuan Province.The plant traits,ear traits,organ moisture content,mechanical strength of grain and cob,and mechanical grain harvesting quality of the tested varieties were investigated.The results showed that:1)The grain moisture content harvesting in two years ranged from 10.14%to37.16%,the grain moisture content in 90.00%of test samples was below 29.00%.The average broken rate was5.80%,which was higher than the national standard of≤5.00%.the average impurity rate was 2.56%,which was lower than the national standard of≤3.00%,and the average grain loss rate was 1.02%.Postponed harvesting reduced grain moisture content and significantly improved mechanical grain harvesting quality.2)The broken rate,which was significantly different among varieties,was mainly affected by grain moisture content and grain mechanical strength.Cob was the main component of impurity,and the impurity rate was closely related to the cob moisture content and mechanical strength.The grain loss rate gradually decreased with the decrease of grain moisture content.Sichuan net-cropping summer maize could meet the requirement of mechanical grain harvesting for grain moisture content.The varieties with fast dehydration in late development period,suitable physical and mechanical characteristic of grain,low mechanical strength and strong toughness of cob,suitable plant and ear height were selected.According to climatic conditions and crop cohesion,in time and late harvest is necessary to improve the mechanical grain harvesting quality of Sichuan summer maize.
作者
赵波
詹小旭
李小龙
吴雅薇
柯永培
袁继超
孔凡磊
ZHAO Bo;ZHAN Xiaoxu;LI Xiaolong;WU Yawei;KE Yongpei;YUAN Jichao;KONG Fanlei(College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology and Cultivation in Sichuan Province,Sichuan Agricultural University,Wenjiang 611130,China;Sichuan Nongda Zhenghong Bio.Co.,Ltd.,Shuangliu 610213,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期31-40,共10页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300307,2017YFD0301704)。
关键词
四川夏玉米
机械粒收
含水率
破碎率
影响因素
summer maize in Sichuan
mechanical grain harvesting
moisture content
broken rate
influencing factors
