摘要
为揭示水肥气耦合对温室番茄地土壤N2O排放的影响,提出适宜的温室番茄增产减排措施,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法监测土壤N2O的排放,分析水肥气耦合条件下土壤温度、灌溉水利用效率(WFPS)、NO3^--N、O2含量的变化规律以及N2O排放的影响机制.加气条件下设两个灌水水平0.6 W和1.0 W(分别代表亏缺40%灌溉和充分灌溉,W代表充分灌水时的灌水量)和3个施氮水平(120、 180和240 kg·hm^-2,分别代表低、中和高氮,以50%F、 75%F和F表示,其中F为当地推荐施氮量),以不加气充分灌溉(O为加气灌溉,CK为常规滴灌)条件下3种施肥水平为对照,共9个处理.结果表明,充分灌溉(W2F1O、W2F2O和W2F3O)的N2O累积排放量较亏缺灌溉(W1F1O、W1F2O和W1F3O)处理平均增加了55.7%(P<0.05);高氮条件下(W1F3O、W2F3O和W2F3CK)土壤N2O排放较中氮和低氮平均增大13.4%和43.8%(P<0.05),充分灌溉条件下加气处理(W2F1O、W2F2O和W2F3O)较相应不加气处理(W2F1CK、W2F2CK和W2F3CK)N2O排放平均增加11.2%(P<0.05).加气、施氮量和灌水量的增加可增加番茄产量和单产N2O排放量.高氮处理番茄产量和单产N2O排放量较中氮处理分别增加了12.5%(P<0.05)和3.9%(P>0.05),高氮处理番茄产量和单产N2O排放量较低氮处理显著增加了30.4%和9.6%(P<0.05),加气充分灌溉较加气亏缺灌溉处理番茄产量和单产N2O排放量分别显著增加了29.7%和18.7%(P<0.05),加气处理(W2F1O、W2F2O和W2F3O)较不加气处理产量(W2F1CK、W2F2CK和W2F3CK)平均增加了10.4%(P<0.05),单产N2O排放量增加但不显著.灌水量增加、施肥量降低、加气均可显著增大肥料偏生产力,减小灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE).综合考虑N2O累积排放量、作物产量、氮肥利用效率、IWUE和单产N2O排放量,得出加气低氮充分灌溉为较优的管理模式.本研究结果为温室番茄的增产减排提供了一定的参考.
To reveal the effect of water,fertilizer,and gas coupling on soil N2O emissions in greenhouse tomato soil and suggest appropriate measures for increasing yield and reducing N2O emissions,static chamber-gas chromatography was used to study the effects of soil N2O emissions.The variation laws of soil temperature,water-filled pore space(WFPS),NO3^--N content,and O2 content and the influence mechanism of N2O emission under the condition of water-fertilizer-gas coupling were analyzed.Aerated conditions comprised two water levels,0.6 W and 1.0 W(representing 40%deficit irrigation and full irrigation,W represents when sufficient irrigation water was available),and three nitrogen levels(120 kg·hm^-2,180 kg·hm^-2,and 240 kg·hm^-2,representing low,medium,and high nitrogen,respectively,with 50%F,75%F,and F,F is the recommended amount of nitrogen application locally).Three levels of fertilization were used as controlled unaerated full irrigation(O representing aeration,and CK representing conventional drip irrigation).Nine treatments were designed in the experiment.The results showed that the tomato field cumulative emission of N2O under full irrigation(W2 F1 O,W2 F2 O,and W2 F3 O)increased by an average of 55.7%compared with the corresponding treatment at W1 level(P<0.05).The N2O emissions of W1 F3 O,W2 F3 O,and W2 F3 CK fields significantly increased by 13.4%and 43.8%compared with medium nitrogen W1 F2 O,W2 F2 O,and W2 F2 CK and low nitrogen W1 F1 O,W2 F1 O,and W2 F1 CK treatments,respectively(P<0.05).Compared with the corresponding unaerated full irrigation,the emissions(W2 F1 O,W2 F2 O,and W2 F3 O)significantly increased by 11.2%(P<0.05).Aeration,the increase of nitrogen rate,and irrigation amount resulted in the increment of tomato yield and yield-scaled N2O emissions.Compared with medium nitrogen,the yield and yield-scaled N2O emission of high nitrogen treatment increased by 12.5%(P<0.05)and 3.9%(P>0.05),respectively.Compared with low nitrogen treatment,the yield and yield-scaled N2O emission of high nitrogen treatment increased by 30.4%and 9.6%(P<0.05),respectively.The yield and yield-scaled N2O emissions of aerated full irrigation significantly increased by 29.7%and 18.7%,respectively,compared with aerated deficient irrigation.Compared with unaerated irrigation treatment,the yield under aerated treatment increased by 10.4%(P<0.05),and the yield-scaled N2O emission increased by 3.9%(P>0.05).Under the conditions of increasing irrigation water,decreasing fertilizer application,and aeration,partial factor productivity,and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)can be significantly increased.After comprehensive consideration of cumulative N2O emissions,tomato production,nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,IWUE,and yield-scaled N2O emission,it can be concluded that aerated low nitrogen full irrigation is an optimal management mode.The results provide reference for increasing yield and reducing emissions of greenhouse tomato.
作者
商子惠
蔡焕杰
陈慧
孙亚楠
李亮
朱艳
王晓云
SHANG Zi-hui;CAI Huan-jie;CHEN Hui;SUN Ya-nan;LI Liang;ZHU Yan;WANG Xiao-yun(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期2924-2935,共12页
Environmental Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400200)
国家自然科学基金项目(51309192)。
关键词
温室气体(GHG)
水肥气耦合
N2O排放
排放控制
加气灌溉
greenhouse gas(GHG)
coupling of water
fertilizer
and gas
N2O emissions
emission control
aerated irrigation
