摘要
为明确河北省葡萄主产区水肥调控潜力,实现水肥高效绿色可持续,分别在2011、2014和2018年,以河北省葡萄主产区张家口怀来县、涿鹿县和秦皇岛昌黎县为区域开展追踪调研;并于2017-2019年在昌黎县、定州市,分别进行了鲜食葡萄“红地球”与酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”的移动水肥田间试验。结果表明,在调研区内鲜食、酿酒葡萄均以沟施为主,分别占比63%和62%,2014较2011年沟施占比增加,撒施占比降低,2018较2014年撒施占比增加。灌水方式上有很大差异,沟灌、漫灌和滴灌占比分别为43%、45%、13%,2014较2011年沟灌与滴灌占比均有所增加,漫灌占比降低,2018年较2014年漫灌占比增加,沟灌与滴灌占比下降。主产区水肥一体化技术应用面积仅占葡萄种植面积的0.45%。采用移动水肥技术鲜食葡萄产量提高16.73%,可溶性固形物、可滴定酸分别增加8.09%、4.41%,节本增效13922.8元/hm^2;酿酒葡萄产量提高7.69%,可溶性糖、可滴定酸分别增加2.59%、1.30%,节本增效4597.5元/hm^2。结果表明,河北葡萄主产区水肥管理方式不统一,移动水肥技术可提高产量改善品质,实现节本增收,具有推广应用前景。
The research aims to determine the potential of water and fertilizer regulation in the main grape producing areas of Hebei province,and to achieve efficient,green and sus-tainable water and fertilizer development.The follow-up investigation was conducted in Huailai county and Zhuolu county of Zhangjiakou city,and Changli county of Qinhuagndao city in 2011,2014 and 2018.During 2017-2019,mobile water and fertilizer field trials of fresh grape“Red Earth”and wine grape“Cabernet Sauvignon”were carried out in Changli county and Dingzhou city.The results showed that fresh grapes and wine grapes in the survey area were dominated by furrow application,accounting for 63%and 62%,respectively,and the trends changed yearly.The furrow application increased and the drip application decreased in 2014 compared to 2011.The ratio of spreading application increased in 2018 compared to 2014.There are great differences in irrigation methods.The proportions of furrow irrigation,flood irrigation,and drip irrigation are 43%,45%and 13%,respectively.The annual trends of fertilization methods for fresh grapes and wine grapes are the same.In 2014,the proportions of furrow irrigation and drip irrigation increased while the flood irrigation decreased compared to 2011.The proportion of diffuse irrigation increased in 2018,while furrow irrigation and drip irrigation decreased compared to 2014.The integrated water-fertilizer technology in the main production area only accounted for 0.45%of the grape planting area.The use of mobile water-fertilizer technology increased the yield of fresh grapes by 16.73%;soluble solids and titratable acids increased by 8.09%and 4.41%,respectively;cost-effectiveness increased by 13922.8 yuan/hm^2.Wine grape yield increased by 7.69%;soluble sugar,and titratable acid increase by 2.59%and 1.30%,respectively;cost-efficiency increased by 4597.5 yuan/hm^2.To sum up,the management methods of water and fertilizer in Hebei's main grape producing areas are not uniform.Mobile water and fertilizer technology can increase yield with cost-saving and improved grape quality,having great application prospects.
作者
贾聪
孙卓玲
汪新颖
尹兴
吉艳芝
张丽娟
JIA Cong;SUN Zhuoling;WANG Xinying;YIN Xing;JI Yanzhi;ZHANG Lijuan(College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;Beijing Shouxin Aviation Ground Service Limited, Beijing 101300, China;Government of Diaowo Town of Zhuozhou City of Hebei Province, Zhuozhou 072750, China;Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)
出处
《林业与生态科学》
2020年第2期198-204,共7页
Forestry and Ecological Sciences
基金
十三五国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0201125)。
关键词
葡萄
施肥方式
灌溉方式
移动水肥
河北省
grape
fertilization method
irrigation method
mobile water-fertilizer technology
Hebei province
