摘要
针对胡萝卜联合收获机作业时松土铲普遍存在作业阻力大、漏拔率高等问题,设计了一种高效减阻松土铲。以狗獾爪趾为仿生原型设计了仿生减阻铲尖,并分析了其减阻机理,建立了铲翼与土壤间的力学接触模型,确定了影响松土铲作业质量的铲翼结构参数。基于EDEM离散元仿真技术,建立了部件土壤作物多元仿真模型,通过单因素试验与正交旋转组合试验,确定了铲翼结构参数取值范围及其对指标的影响规律。建立了试验因素与指标间的多目标优化数学模型,运用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件确定了松土铲的最优参数组合,通过田间性能试验验证了高效减阻松土铲的作业性能。结果表明:影响胡萝卜联合收获机松土铲作业质量的主要结构参数为铲翼开角α和铲翼倾角β,当铲翼开角α和铲翼倾角β分别为120.27°和47.37°时,松土铲作业性能最优,最优组合下前进阻力与胡萝卜拔取力分别为1908.76 N和55.37 N。经田间性能试验验证,田间试验结果与仿真优化结果基本一致,与凿式松土铲相比,高效减阻松土铲前进阻力降低了5.79%,胡萝卜拔取力降低了20.68%,漏拔率降低了3.8个百分点,满足胡萝卜收获农艺要求。
In order to solve the problems of high resistance and high rate of leakage during the operation of carrot combine harvester,a kind of high efficiency drag reducing shovel was designed.The bionic drag reducing shovel tip was designed with the badger claw as the bionic prototype,and its drag reducing mechanism was analyzed.Based on the theoretical mechanics analysis,the mechanical contact model between shovel wing and soil was established.The structure parameters of the shovel wing which affected the quality of shovel were determined.Based on the EDEM discrete element simulation technology,the multi simulation model of component-soil-crop was established.Through the single factor experiment and orthogonal rotation combined experiment,the range of its value and the law of its influence on the index were determined.The multi-objective optimization mathematical model between experiment factors and indexes was established,and the optimal parameter combination of the shovel was determined by using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software.The operation performance of the high efficiency drag reducing shovel was verified by the field performance comparison experiment.The results showed that the main structural parameters that affected the quality of scarification and shoveling operation of carrot combine harvester were the opening angleαand the inclination angleβ.When the opening angleαand the inclination angleβwere 120.27°and 47.37°respectively,the performance of the shovel was the best,and the forward resistance and extraction power of carrot were 1908.76 N and 55.37 N respectively.Compared with the chisel shovel,the resistance of the high efficiency drag reducing shovel was reduced by 5.79%,the extraction power of carrot was reduced by 20.68%,and the leakage rate was reduced by 3.8 percentage points,which met the requirements of carrot harvesting.
作者
王金武
李响
高鹏翔
那明君
王奇
周文琪
WANG Jinwu;LI Xiang;GAO Pengxiang;NA Mingjun;WANG Qi;ZHOU Wenqi(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期93-103,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701305)
国家重点研发计划省级项目(GX18B026)。
关键词
胡萝卜收获机
松土铲
工程仿生技术
离散元法
carrot harvester
shovel
engineering bionic technology
discrete element method
