摘要
【目的】研究云南省哈尼族地区稻作地方品种的表型多样性,筛选出具有该民族特色的优异稻种资源,为水稻新品种的选育提供优良亲本材料,也为保护云南哈尼族的稻种资源及其多样性提供参考依据。【方法】采自云南省4个州(市)14县(市)哈尼族当前栽种的171份稻作地方品种,对其进行统一栽种,并测定分析其株高、穗长、有效穗数等12个数量性状及穗型、剑叶角度、倒伏性等6个质量性状的多样性,筛选出具有该民族特色的优异稻种资源。【结果】171份稻作地方品种12个数量性状的变异系数为8.93%~96.62%,其中,有效穗数、株高、穗抽出度、剑叶长、剑叶宽、单穗粒数、结实率、谷粒长和谷粒长宽比等9个性状的变异系数均在10.00%以上,以穗抽出度的变异系数最大,为96.62%,以千粒重的变异系数最小,为8.93%。12个数量性状的多样性指数为1.914~2.063,平均为2.016,其中,以剑叶宽最大、结实率最小;除结实率、千粒重和谷粒长宽比外,其他9个性状的多样性指数均在2.000以上。6个质量性状中,穗型以中间型最多,有95份,占55.56%;剑叶角度以直立型最多,有76份,占44.44%;倒伏性以直最多,有100份,占58.48%;落粒性以极高最多,有141份,占82.46%;种皮色以白色最多,有89份,占52.05%;芒长以无芒最多,有157份,占91.81%。6个质量性状的多样性指数为0.368~1.291,其中,以剑叶角度的多样性指数最大,芒长的多样性指数最小。4个州(市)稻作地方品种的数量性状多样性指数排序为红河州>西双版纳州>普洱市>玉溪市,质量性状的多样性指数排序为红河州=普洱市>西双版纳州>玉溪市。在遗传相似系数0.230处,171份供试材料聚类为四大类群:第Ⅰ类群仅含2份材料,主要特征为单穗粒数多,千粒重较大,穗抽出度较长,有效穗较少和剑叶较短;第Ⅱ类群含94份材料,主要特征为株高较矮,穗抽出度短,剑叶稍短和结实率较低;第Ⅲ类群含52份材料,主要特征为有效穗数较多,籽粒长宽比较大,单穗粒数少;第Ⅳ类群含23份材料,主要特征为株高较高,有效穗数多,穗较长,剑叶较长和千粒重轻。【结论】云南哈尼族地区当前栽种的稻作地方品种具有丰富的表型多样性。筛选出矮秆型、多穗型、大穗型、大粒型、长粒型和多粒型等16份特异种质,可作为稻作育种和遗传研究的材料。
【Objective】To study the phenotypic diversity of local rice varieties cultivated or utilized by Hani ethnic group in Yunnan so as to screen out elite varieties of ethnic characteristics,and provide excellent parental materials for new variety breeding,thus promote the conservation of rice germplasm and its diversity in Hani ethnic group region of Yunnan.【Method】The 171 local rice varieties which have been cultivated by Hani ethnic group were collected from 14 counties(cities)in 4 different prefectures(cities)in Yunnan province were planted.Diversity of 12 quantitative traits such as plant height,panicle length,effective panicle number and 6 qualitative traits such as panicle type,flag leaf angle,lodging were analyzed to screen out elite varieties with ethnic characteristics.【Result】The results showed that the coefficient of variation varied from 8.93%to 96.62%for 12 quantitative traits of tested materials.Among them,the variation coefficients of effective panicle number,plant height,panicle extraction,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,grains per panicle,seed setting rate,grain length and grain length-width ratio were higher than 10.00%,with that of panicle extraction was the highest(96.62%)and thousand-grain weight was the lowest(8.93%).The diversity index of 12 quantitative traits ranged from 1.914 to 2.063,with an average of 2.016,and that of flag leaf width was the highest and seed setting rate was the lowest.Except for seed setting rate,thousand-grain weight and grain length-width ratio,the diversity index for other nine traits were all above 2.000.Among the six qualitative characters,intermediate type of panicle type,erect type of flag leaf angle,erect type of lodging,extremely high type of shattering,white seed coat color type and no awn type were the most frequent,as the numbers were 95,76,100,141,89,157,and respectively accounting for 55.56%,44.44%,58.48%,82.46%,52.05%,91.81%.The diversity index of the six qualitative characters varied from 0.368 to 1.291,the diversity index of leaf angle was the largest,and awn length was the smallest.In four prefectures(cities),the quantitative traits diversities index of rice landraces showed that Honghe>Xishuangbanna>Pu’er>Yuxi,and qualitative characters diversities index showed that Honghe=Pu’er>Xishuangbanna>Yuxi.The 171 local varieties could be divided into 4 groups at similarity coefficient 0.230 by cluster.TheⅠgroup contained 2 materials,with the main characteristics of abundant grains per panicle,heavy thousand-grain weight,long panicle extraction,small amount of panicle number per plant,short flag leaf.TheⅡgroup contained 94 materials,with the main characteristics of short plant height,short panicle extraction,short flag leaf,low seed setting rate.TheⅢgroup contained 52 materials,with the main characteristics of abundant effective panicle number,larger ratio of grain length-width and small amount of grains per panicle.TheⅣgroup contained 23 materials,with the main characteristics of high plant height,abundant grains per panicle,long panicle length,long flag leaf and light thousand-grain weight.【Conclusion】The rice varieties currently planted by Hani ethnic group in Yunnan have abundant phenotypic diversity.Sixteen germplasms with characteristics of short plant height,abundant panicle number,large panicle,large grain,long grain and abundant grain were selected,they can be materials for rice breeding and genetic research.
作者
董超
阿新祥
汤翠凤
张斐斐
杨雅云
申时全
戴陆园
DONG Chao;A Xin-xiang;TANG Cui-feng;ZHANG Fei-fei;YANG Ya-yun;SHEN Shi-quan;DAI Lu-yuan(Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Scientific Observation Station for Rice Germplasm Resources of Yunnan,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming 650205,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1013-1021,共9页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100101-10)
国家自然科学基金项目(31760375)
国家农作物种质资源保护项目(2018NWB036-01-02)。
关键词
水稻
地方品种
数量性状
质量性状
表型多样性
云南哈尼族地区
rice
landraces
quantitative traits
qualitative traits
phenotypic diversity
Hani ethnic group region in Yunnan
