摘要
【目的】分析桉树皮为主要原料栽培的双孢蘑菇营养成分和重金属含量,为合理评价桉树皮在双孢蘑菇生产中的应用提供参考依据。【方法】分别采用桉树皮、稻草和麦秆为主要原料的3种培养料栽培双孢蘑菇,测定比较其双孢蘑菇的主要营养成分和重金属含量,并采用必需氨基酸比例、氨基酸评分和标准蛋白贴近度指标对双孢蘑菇的蛋白质营养进行评价。【结果】桉树皮栽培的双孢蘑菇主要营养成分结构与稻草和麦秆栽培的双孢蘑菇基本一致,均以粗蛋白含量最高,达39.6%~42.4%,其次是碳水化合物,含量为25.4%~39.3%;桉树皮栽培的双孢蘑菇与麦秆栽培的双孢蘑菇在营养成分含量上更接近,两者的水分、灰分、钠、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、碳水化合物含量和氨基酸总量均无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),前者仅在可溶性糖含量上显著低于后者(P<0.05,下同)。桉树皮、稻草和麦秆3种培养料栽培的双孢蘑菇蛋白质营养结构基本一致,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均高于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)模式,第一限制氨基酸均为亮氨酸;三者的必需氨基酸比例分别为37.51%、45.89%和41.87%,氨基酸评分分别为82.23、91.03和86.06,标准蛋白贴近度分别为0.84、0.91和0.87,其中桉树皮栽培的双孢蘑菇均显著低于稻草和麦秆栽培的双孢蘑菇。桉树皮栽培的双孢蘑菇硒含量为2.35 mg/kg,显著高于稻草(1.31 mg/kg)和麦秆(0.14 mg/kg),达到富硒食品国家标准水平(>0.15 mg/kg)。桉树皮栽培的双孢蘑菇重金属铅、汞、砷、镉和铬含量均比稻草和麦秆栽培的双孢蘑菇低或与麦秆间无显著差异,且均在国家食品安全标准(NY/T 749-2018《绿色食品食用菌》)规定范围内。【结论】桉树皮可栽培出符合食品基本营养要求、重金属不超标的天然富硒双孢蘑菇,可作为栽培双孢蘑菇的替代原料,但也有待进行配方优化,以提高双孢蘑菇的蛋白质营养价值。
【Objective】To provide a basis for evaluating application of eucalyptus bark in cultivation of Agaricus bisporus,the fruiting body of A.bisporus cultivated with eucalyptus bark as main substrate were analyzed on the contents of nutritive component and heavy metals.【Method】Eucalyptus bark(EB),rice straw(RS)and wheat straw(WS)were used respectively as the main raw material to cultivate the mushroom,and the contents of main nutritive components and heavy metals in the mushroom produced from these three raw materials were determined comparatively.The proteins value of the A.bisporus cultivated by different substrates were evaluated by analyzing their percentage of essential amino acid(EAA),amino acid score(AAS)and close degree to standard protein(CDSP).【Result】A.bisporus cultivated with EB were similar to those cultivated with RS and WS on the structure of main nutrient components.Among the main nutrient components,crude protein content was the highest in all substrates,which reached 39.6%-42.4%,and carbonate hydrate content was the second which reached 25.4%-39.3%.The contents of main nutrient components of A.bisporus from EB were more closer to that of from WS,as there were no significant difference between them in the contents of moisture,ash,sodium,crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,carbohydrate and total amino acids(P>0.05,the same below),except the former was significantly lower than the latter in the content of soluble sugar(P<0.05,the same below).A.bisporus cultivated with EB were also similar to that of with RS and WS on the structure of protein nutrient,as all of their EAA percentages were higher than that of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO)mode,and all their first limit amino acid were leucine(Leu).A.bisporus cultivated with EB,RS and WS had EAA percentage of 37.51%,45.89%and 41.87%respectively,AAS of 82.23,91.03 and 86.06 respectively,CDSP of 0.84,0.91 and 0.87,respectively,and all the indexes of the mushroom with EB were significantly lower than that with RS and WS.The mushroom cultivated with EB had a selenium(Se)content of 2.35 mg/kg which reached the national standard level of selenium-enrich food(>0.15 mg/kg),and significantly higher than that with RS(1.31 mg/kg)and WS(0.14 mg/kg).The mushroom cultivated with EB had contents of lead(Pb),hydrargyrum(Hg),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd)and chromium(Cr)within the scope of the national food safety standard(NY/T 749—2018 Green Food Edible Mushrooms),which was lower than that of the mushroom cultivated with RS or WS or not significantly different from that with WS.【Conclusion】EB is a desirable alternative raw material to be used to cultivate natural selenium-enrich A.bisporus which can meet the basic nutritional requirements of food without any heavy metal exceeding the standard.However,the formula should still be optimized in order to improve the protein nutrient value of the mushroom.
作者
吴圣进
陈雪凤
吴小建
苏启臣
王灿琴
韦仕岩
WU Sheng-jin;CHEN Xue-feng;WU Xiao-jian;SU Qi-chen;WANG Can-qin;WEI Shi-yan(Microbiology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1185-1192,共8页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17202044-2)
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西食用菌创新团队建设专项(nycytxgxcxtd-07-02)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2018YT18)
广西特色作物试验站建设项目(桂Ts201415)。
关键词
桉树皮
双孢蘑菇
营养成分
硒
重金属
eucalyptus bark
Agaricus bisporus
nutritive component
selenium
heavy metal
