摘要
目的 了解西藏自治区居民碘营养状况,为西藏自治区碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2018年采用横断面调查方法,对西藏自治区的7个地(市)67个县(区)进行碘缺乏病调查。每个县(区)按东、西、南、北、中划分为5个抽样片区,每个片区抽取1个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取4个行政村,每个行政村抽检15户居民家中食用盐,进行盐碘检测;每个乡(镇)抽取20名孕妇,采集尿样,进行尿碘检测;每个乡(镇)抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8~10岁非寄宿儿童40人(男女各半),采集尿样,进行尿碘检测。同时,在3个地(市)的乡(镇)对8~10岁儿童进行甲状腺容积检测。结果 共采集盐样22 136份,盐碘中位数为25.33 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率分别为97.75%(21 637/22 136)、87.00%(18 824/21 637)、85.04%(18 824/22 136)。不同地(市)间比较差异有统计学意义(P均< 0.01),那曲市均最低,分别为92.03%(2 923/3 176)、69.41%(2 029/2 923)、63.89%(2 029/3 176)。调查8~10岁儿童13 516例,尿碘中位数为187.0 μg/L;男生尿碘为188.6 μg/L,女生尿碘为185.6 μg/L。共调查孕妇2 920例,尿碘中位数为165.6 μg/L;不同孕期孕妇尿碘比较差异有统计学意义(H=13.33,P < 0.01),孕早期尿碘最高,为178.9 μg/L,孕晚期最低,为162.3 μg/L。共检查8~10岁儿童甲状腺3 364例,甲状腺肿大率为1.01%(34/3 364),不同地(市)儿童甲状腺肿大率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=59.28,P < 0.01),以昌都市最高(4.25%,17/400)。结论 西藏自治区居民合格碘盐食用率较低,碘缺乏病综合防控工作有待进一步加强。尤其应加强对孕妇不同孕期阶段碘营养水平的监测,加强健康教育,提高居民碘缺乏病防治意识。
Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of Tibet residents and provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in Tibet.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 67 counties(districts)of 7 cities of Tibet.Each county(district)was divided into 5 sampling areas according to its east,west,south,north and middle location,and 1 township(town)was selected from each sampling area.Four administrative villages were selected from each township(town),and 15 household's salt samples were sampled for salt iodine detection.Twenty pregnant women and 1 primary school were selected from each township(town).Forty non-boarding children aged 8-10 years(half male and half female)were selected from each primary school,urine samples were collected for urinary iodine detection.Thyroid volume was also measured in children aged 8 to 10 years in 3 cities.Results In 2018,the median of salt iodine in Tibet was 25.33 mg/kg(22136 samples).The coverage rate of iodized salt,the qualified rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were 97.75%(21637/22136),87.00%(18824/21637)and 85.04%(18824/22136),respectively.The difference between 7 cities were statistically singnificant(P<0.01).Naqu City had the lowest levels[92.03%(2923/3176),69.41%(2029/2923),63.89%(2029/3176)].The median of urinary iodine of 13516 children aged 8-10 years was 187.0μg/L.The urinary iodine of boys was 188.6μg/L,girls was 185.6μg/L.The median of urinary iodine of 2920 pregnant women was 165.6μg/L.The differences in urinary iodine of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods were statistically significant(H=13.33,P<0.01).The urinary iodine of pregnant women was the highest in early pregnancy(178.9μg/L)and the lowest in late pregnancy(162.3μg/L).The goiter rate of children aged 8-10 years was 1.01%(34/3364).The goiter rate of children in different cities was different(χ^2=59.28,P<0.01),and Changdu had the highest(4.25%,17/400).Conclusions In 2018,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt among Tibet residents is relatively low,and the comprehensive prevention and control measures of iodine deficiency disorders need to be further strengthened.We should strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition level of pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy,strengthen health education and raise the awareness of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders among residents.
作者
尼玛仓决
次珍
龚弘强
Nima Cangjue;Ci Zhen;Gong Hongqiang(Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lhasa 850000,China)
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期353-357,共5页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
关键词
碘
盐类
尿
Iodine
Salts
Urine
