摘要
徒步作为一项传统的户外游憩运动,早在几十年前就在发达国家中流行,目前已发展到相对成熟的阶段。美国是世界上最早规划并建设国家步道和国家公园的国家,其步道的建设有许多可借鉴之处。我国国家公园有着丰富的自然资源和多样性地貌,其步道可作为户外游憩的强大载体来满足公众户外休闲、感知自然、生态教育等需求。步道的建设在保护国家公园自然生态资源的同时也满足公众游憩需求、推动环境教育,兼具国家代表性和全民公益性。本文从政策制定、组织管理、资金投入和规划建设标准等方面系统介绍了美国国家步道体系建设的先进经验和建设发展情况。美国国家公园步道具有突出的功能分类、合理的选线分级、重视生态保护与特色景观的展示、完善的管理与服务等特点。在分析我国国家公园步道发展现状的基础上,指出我国国家公园步道建设应遵循生态优先、国家形象展示、公众受益最大的理念和系统规划、安全、最小干预的原则,提出建设规划的具体设计要点以及建设管理与运营保障策略,旨在改善国家公园步道的现状,为新的步道规划建设提供建议。笔者认为我国国家公园步道建设应在规范、统一的建设标准下建立清晰的协同管理机制,以生态保护为前提,以国家为主导,推动全民共建共享,推动中国特色国家公园步道的建设。
As a traditional outdoor recreation sport,hiking has been popular in developed countries for decades,and now it has reached a relatively mature stage.The United States is the first country in the world to plan and build national trails and national parks,which provides references for the construction of trails in China.China's National parks are rich in natural resources and landforms,and trails in parks can be used as a powerful carrier to meet the public needs for outdoor recreation,leisure,natural perception and ecological education.The construction of trails not only protects the natural and ecological resources of the National parks,but also meets the public needs for recreation and promotes environmental education.It is for both the development of the country and public welfare.This paper systematically introduces the experiences and development of National trail system in the U.S from the aspects of policy formulation,organization and management,capital investment,planning and construction standards.It is found that National park trails in the U.S.are characterized by distinct function classification,reasonable line selection,emphasis on ecological protection,display of unique landscape and advanced management and service.Based on the introduction of the present development of China's National park trails,it puts forward that the construction should focus on the idea of ecological priority,national image display,and most benefit for the public,and adhere to the principle of systematic planning,safety,and minimum intervention.The specific design points of construction planning and the strategies of management and operation are also presented so as to improve the development status of trails in China’s National parks and to provide guidance and suggestions for new trail planning and construction.It is held that the National park trails construction in China should rely on a distinct collaborative management mechanism under unified construction standards with ecological protection as the premise.The construction of trails in National parks with Chinese characteristics can be promoted with the leadership at national level and sharing of benefits by the whole people.
作者
李晓颖
朱珠
Li Xiaoying;Zhu Zhu(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University)
出处
《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2020年第3期43-52,共10页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(20181008)。
关键词
美国
中国
国家公园
步道建设
the United States of America
China
national park
trail construction
