摘要
[背景]我国居民心理健康状况面临严峻挑战,焦虑障碍、抑郁症等的患病率呈上升趋势,关注职业人群心理健康状况对社会经济的发展具有重大意义。[目的]了解我国四省18~60岁职业人群的抑郁情绪现状及其影响因素。[方法]利用"神经系统疾病专病社区队列研究"2018—2019年基线调查数据,选择人口经济因素(年龄、性别、文化程度、职业和家庭人均月收入)、生活方式(吸烟、饮酒、休闲性身体活动和睡眠时间)和抑郁情绪筛查自评量表等数据完整的18~60岁职业人群作为研究对象,共有3493人纳入研究。采用贝克抑郁量表(BDI-13)和老年抑郁量表(GDS-30)分别判定18~54岁和55~60岁职业人群有无抑郁情绪,BDI-13总分≥5或GDS-30总分≥11时判定为有抑郁情绪。采用卡方检验分析体力劳动者和脑力劳动者不同特征的分布差异以及不同特征人群抑郁情绪检出率的差异,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析职业人群抑郁情绪的影响因素。[结果]共有160人检出有抑郁情绪,检出率为4.6%,其中18~54岁和55~60岁的职业人群抑郁情绪检出人数分别为62和98人,检出率分别为2.1%和19.8%。卡方检验结果显示不同年龄组、性别、吸烟以及睡眠时间的人群抑郁情绪检出率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示:45~60岁组的职业人群出现抑郁情绪的可能性是18~34岁组的4.50倍(95%CI:2.87~7.07);大学及以上文化程度组出现抑郁情绪的可能性是小学及以下文化程度者的2.60倍(95%CI:1.35~5.00);不吸烟的职业人群出现抑郁情绪的可能性低于吸烟者(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.38~0.92);睡眠时间不适宜(<8 h或>9 h)的职业人群出现抑郁情绪的可能性比适宜组(8~9 h)高(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.15~2.50)。[结论]我国四省18~60岁职业人群抑郁情绪检出率相对较低,45岁及以上、大学及以上文化程度、吸烟和睡眠时间不适宜的职业人群更可能出现抑郁情绪。
[Background]Chinese residents are facing severe challenges of mental health as the prevalence rates of anxiety disorders and depression are on the rise.It is of great significance to pay attention to the mental health of occupational populations for the development of social economy.[Objective]This study analyzes the current situation of depressive mood of the occupational populations aged 18-60 years in four provinces of China,and to explore its influencing factors.[Methods]Using the baseline data of the“Community Cohort Study on Specific Diseases of the Nervous System”,occupational populations aged from 18 to 60 years with completed data on demographic and economic factors(age,gender,educational level,occupation,and family per capita monthly income),lifestyle(smoking,alcohol consumption,leisure-time physical activity,and sleep duration),and self-rating depressive mood scale were selected as study subjects.A total of 3493 subjects were included in the study.Beck Depression Inventory(BDI-13)and Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-30)were used to determine depressive mood of the subjects aged 18-54 years and 55-60 years respectively,and total score of BDI-13≥5 or total score of GDS-30≥11 was considered as depressive mood.Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in distributions of selected characteristics of manual and office workers and the differences in the prevalence of depressive mood among different groups.Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive mood in occupational populations.[Results]A total of 160 workers were diagnosed as having depressive mood,and the prevalence rate of depressive mood was 4.6%.There were 62 and 98 subjects aged 18-54 years and 55-60 years diagnosed as having depressive mood,and the prevalence rates were 2.1%and 19.8%,respectively.The results from chi-square test showed significant differences in the prevalence rate of depressive mood among different age,gender,smoking,and sleep duration groups(Ps<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression model showed that the odds ratio(OR)of depressive mood was 4.50(95%CI:2.87-7.07)in the occupational group aged 45-60 versus those aged 18-34 years,2.60(95%CI:1.35-5.00)in those with university education and above versus those with primary school education or below,0.59(95%CI:0.38-0.92)in the non-smoking workers versus the smoking workers,and 1.70(95%CI:1.15-2.50)in the workers with unhealthy sleeping time(<8h or>9h)versus those with healthy sleeping time(8-9h).[Conclusion]In the studied four provinces of China,the prevalence rate of depressive mood in occupational populations aged 18 to 60 years is low,and those aged 45 years and older,with university education or above,smoking,and sleeping too long or too short may have a higher risk of depressive mood.
作者
吕燕宇
姜红如
张兵
王惠君
贾小芳
牛然
苏畅
张继国
黄绯绯
王志宏
LV Yan-yu;JIANG Hong-ru;ZHANG Bing;WANG Hui-jun;JIA Xiao-fang;NIU Ran;SU Chang;ZHANG Ji-guo;HUANG Fei-fei;WANG Zhi-hong(National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期427-432,共6页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0907701)。
关键词
职业人群
抑郁情绪
人口经济因素
生活方式
occupational population
depressive mood
demographic and economic factors
lifestyle
