摘要
十九届四中全会提出的“建立解决相对贫困的长效机制”,为2020年后的扶贫工作指明了方向。其中,相对贫困标准的研究和确定,是建立解决相对贫困长效机制的基础和前提。借鉴包括欧盟、经济合作与发展组织、美国、世界银行等典型发达国家和国际组织在相对贫困标准设置的经验和在实践中的做法,发现:以中位收入一定比例设置相对贫困标准的“收入比例法”为国际所通用;家庭成员等值规模估算和多维贫困综合识别为重要贫困辅助界定依据;贫困程度评估过程中考虑区域差异非常重要。中国在制定相对贫困标准上可结合国情按收入比例法确定国际可比贫困标准,辅以多维贫困识别方式,重视城乡、区域和省份间发展差异,坚持个体瞄准和区域瞄准相结合的综合相对贫困评估方式。同时要警惕城镇工作贫困等次生贫困问题。
For the first time,the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the People s Republic of China put forward“the establishment of a long-term mechanism for solving relative poverty”,which points out the direction for poverty reduction campaigns after 2020.Among them,the research and determination of relative poverty standards are the basis and prerequisite for establishing a mechanism to solve the problem.This article draws on the experience and practices of relative poverty standards in typical international countries including the European Union,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,the United States,and the World Bank,and finds that the“income ratio method”sets relative poverty standards at a certain percentage of median income.It is universally used in the world;the estimation of the equivalent size of family members and the comprehensive identification of multidimensional poverty serve as the basis for defining important poverty;it is important to consider regional differences in the poverty assessment process.In formulating relative poverty standards,China can determine international comparable poverty standards in accordance with national conditions and the income ratio method,assist with multidimensional poverty identification methods,value development differences between urban and rural areas,regions,and provinces,and adhere to a comprehensive relative poverty assessment that combines individual targeting and regional targeting.At the same time,we must be vigilant about poverty-derived types such as working poverty in cities and towns.
作者
张琦
沈扬扬
ZHANG Qi;SHEN Yangyang
出处
《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期91-99,共9页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“贫困治理效果评估机制研究”(16JzD025)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“2020年后扶贫标准设定、贫困人群识别与反贫困对策分析”(2019NTSS11)。
关键词
贫困内涵
相对贫困
贫困标准
国际经验
Connotation of Poverty
Relative Poverty
Design of Poverty Line
International Experience
