摘要
中国深受荒漠化危害,长期以来把防沙治沙作为保护国土生态安全的重要发展战略。北方沙漠化地区现已形成一些成功的治理模式,但是对于具有共性特征的模式类型,缺少系统地分类归纳与特征提炼,研究多关注点上的治理,缺乏从宏观战略层面上的整合与梳理,导致分类结果对实践应用的指导性不强。我们运用文献分析法和归纳法,基于国家防沙治沙战略重点及沙产业发展目标,将中国北方沙漠化治理模式划分为草原生态保护与生态建设综合治理模式、生态固沙措施与节水农业技术结合型模式、特色沙产业与林果产业一体化发展模式、农-林-牧-草多元复合型生态农业模式、庭院生态经济与生态庄园开发模式等五大类型,详细阐明不同模式的技术要点、基本特征、产业结构及实施效果,指出传统研究方法及研究视角等方面存在的不足,进而提出未来应理清不同模式分类研究视角之间的相互关系和内在联系、细化防沙治沙治理模式的定量化分类的研究方法、凝练与总结区域适宜的沙漠化治理模式类型与路径特征,为完善防沙治沙政策提供参考。
China is one of the countries which have been most seriously affected by desertification in the world.For nearly half a century,China has continued to regard desertification prevention and control as an important development strategy for protecting the ecological security of the land and the stability of production.Presently,via continuous exploration and research combined with major ecological engineering projects,several successful desertification control models have been developed in the northern desertification areas.However,the current research still lacks a systematic classification and generalization scheme for the types of governance models sharing common characteristics.Furthermore,a lack of integration and analysis from the macro-strategic level has led to insufficient guidance for the research results.In this study,literature review and induction were used to comprehensively summarize the current research status of China’s desertification control models,which were then divided into five types.These five types are as follows:the comprehensive management mode of grassland ecological protection and ecological construction,the combination mode of ecological sand fixation projects and water-saving irrigation technology,the integrated development mode of characteristic sand industry and forest and fruit industries,the multi-compound ecological industrial mode of agriculture-forest-herding-grass,and the development mode of courtyard ecological economy and ecological manor economy.According to the classification system,each representative model was then selected,and the technical principle,basic characteristics,industrial chain structure,and implementation effect of each model were analyzed in depth,thus providing a reference for selecting a desertification governance path with regional characteristics that is suitable to local conditions.
作者
周颖
杨秀春
金云翔
徐斌
Zhou Ying;Yang Xiuchun;Jin Yunxiang;Xu Bin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期106-114,共9页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506504)。
关键词
防沙治沙
治理模式
模式分类
技术途径
沙产业
sand prevention and control
governance model
pattern classification
technical approach
sand industry
