摘要
机场周边区域鸟类的活动给飞行安全造成了潜在的风险,掌握机场鸟类的多样性特征对开展鸟击防控工作有重要的指示意义。于2018年10月-2019年8月,采用样线法与网捕法对太原武宿国际机场飞行区与净空区进行了鸟类多样性调查。共记录到鸟类75种,隶属于13目31科,其中繁殖鸟占60%,非繁殖鸟占40%。用EstimateS软件对调查范围内鸟类丰富度进行估计,ACE值(81种),ICE值(98种),表明覆盖了调查范围内鸟类中76.53%~92.59%的物种,显示了较好的调查效果。为了明确所调查鸟类对鸟击防控工作的影响,根据这些鸟种的重要值(IV)与风险系数计算其危险指数。机场全年发生严重危险的鸟种有斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)、家燕(Hirundo rustica)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、喜鹊(Pica pica)、环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)、家鸽(Columba domestica)、珠颈斑鸠(Streptopelia chinensis)等10种。6种不同生境的鸟类群落多样性聚类分析表明:受人为干扰较大的生境类型为居民点和道路绿化带,其物种多样性较低(H=1.35±0.08);另外4种生境即机场草坪、水塘-滩涂、农田及人工林地受人为干扰较小,其物种多样性(H=1.66±0.04)较高。为此,在机场的鸟击防范工作中,要针对性地开展机场周边生态环境治理,制定靶向性的防控策略来应对危险鸟类在机场区域的活动。
Avian activities in areas around the airport are potential risks to flight safety.It is of great significance to understand the characteristics of avian diversity at the airport for birdstrike prevention and control.From October 2018 to August 2019,we investigated avian diversity in the internal and external areas of Taiyuan Wusu International Airport using the method of line sampling and net catching.A total of 75 species,belonging to 31 families of 13 orders,were recorded,with the proportion of breeding and non-breeding birds being 60%and 40%,respectively.Using the software of EstimateS to estimate species richness of birds in the survey area,ACE value was 81 species and ICE value was 98 species,indicating that the survey covers 76.53%-92.59%of the total bird species,with a good survey effect.To clarify the impacts of surveyed birds on bird strike prevention and control,we calculated the hazard index with the importance values(IV)and risk factor of the species.The results showed that there were 10 very dangerous bird species at the airport in the whole year,including Anas zonorhyncha,Hirundo rustica,Anas platyrhynchos,Pica pica,Phasianus colchicus,Columba domestica,and Streptopelia chinensis.The results of clustering analysis of avian diversity in six different habitats showed that habitats with strong human disturbance,including residential areas and road greenbelts,had lower species diversity(H=1.35±0.08).Other four habitats,including airport lawn,pond-tideland,farmland,and artificial forest land,were less disturbed by human activities and had higher species diversity(H=1.66±0.04).Therefore,in the bird strike prevention work of airport,it is necessary to carry out targeted management of the ecological environment around the airport and develop targeted prevention and control strategies to cope with the activities of dangerous birds.
作者
程雷
王晓斌
徐彦昭
蔡秀敏
薛委委
万霞
CHENG Lei;WANG Xiao-bin;XU Yan-zhao;CAI Xiu-min;XUE Wei-wei;WAN Xia(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Taiyuan Wusu International Airport,Taiyuan 030031,China;Anhui Civil Aviation Airport Group Co.,Ltd,Hefei 230039,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期2014-2023,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
太原武宿国际机场生态环境调研项目资助。
关键词
太原武宿国际机场
鸟类多样性
危险等级划分
鸟击防控
Taiyuan Wusu International Airport
avian diversity
risk grade classification
control and prevention of birdstrike
