摘要
滨麦(Leymus mollis)适应性强,可在不同海岸环境下生存.本文在测定海岸迎风坡和背风坡环境(土壤水分、温度、风速等)差异的基础上,通过分析不同季节海岸不同生态断带(距高潮线10,30,50 m(迎风坡),70 m(背风坡))滨麦在枝叶高度、叶长和叶宽、根系结构及新芽等形态特征的差异,揭示滨麦较高的生态幅与其形态可塑性的关系.结果表明,海岸带由于沙丘对风的阻隔作用使其在近高潮线处迎风坡(10 m)和远离高潮线处背风坡(70 m)在海风强度、温度、土壤含水量、土壤盐度、沙埋等环境上差异较大.不同生态断带迎风坡和背风坡滨麦在枝系、根系结构、物质分配策略方面差异显著.距高潮线10 m处滨麦常遭遇强海风吹袭和沙埋胁迫,因而植株低矮、叶片短而宽、叶面积小、根茎直径最大、根间距也较大、新根较多、根茎芽多而分布较深且粗壮、根冠比较小;而距高潮线70 m处的滨麦受风吹较弱且无沙埋胁迫,因而植株高、叶片长、根茎直径小、根间距小、新根少、老根多、根茎芽较少而分布较浅、根冠比较大.而且10 m处滨麦将更多地下生物量分配给新根、根茎和芽,70 m处滨麦则将更多生物量分配给老根.在不同环境条件下调整枝系、根系构型和物质分配模式,最大限度的利用环境、适应环境、减小环境伤害、提高其生存能力可能是滨麦具有较大生态幅的关键原因.
It is not known how Leymus mollis can survive in different environments.In this study,the plant height,leaf width and length,root architecture and sprout characteristics were analyzed in the leaves of L.mollis grown in the location of 10,30,50 m(windward slope),and 70 m(leeward slope)far away from high tide line to understand relationships between greater ecological amplitude of L.mollis and morphological plasticity.The results showed that there were significantly differences in wind speed,temperature,humanity,sand burial between windward slope(10 m far from high tide line)and leeward slope(70 m far from high tide line)where L.mollis grown.At the same time,there were significant differences in branch and root architecture and the strategy of material partitioning between L.mollis grown on windward slope and leeward slope in different seasons(P<0.05).L.mollis grown on windward slope(10 m)where it frequently exposed to strong wind blowing and sand burial had lower plants,shorter and wider blades,smaller leaf area,largest rhizome diameter,larger root spacing,lots of new roots,lots of rhizome buds with deep and thick,and smaller root-cap ratio.However,L.mollis grown on leeward slope(70 m)where there were not strong wind blowing and sand burial had higher plants,longer blade,smaller rhizome diameter,smaller root spacing,fewer new roots,lots of old sand plant roots,fewer of rhizome buds with shallower and tiny,and larger root-cap ratio.L.mollis grown on windward slope(10 m)partitioned more materials to new roots,rhizome and buds,while those grown on leeward slope(70 m)partitioned more materials to old roots.L.mollis was sand plant which can not only survival in environment with frequent sand burial,highly salinized soil,strong winds blowing,the mobile sand(10 m),but also in environment with higher temperament,drought,semi-fixed sand(70 m).It indicated that L.mollis had greater ecological amplitude which was correlated with its morphological plasticity and strategy of material partitioning.It could be the key for L.mollis to live in different environment through regulating branch and root architecture mode of materials partitioning to take maximize advantage of environment,and adapt to the environment,and reduce environmental damage.
作者
强生斌
宋玉
周瑞莲
QIANG Shengbin;SONG Yu;ZHOU Ruilian(Asset Department,Ludong University,Yantai 264039,China;School of Life Science,Ludong University,Yantai 264039,China)
出处
《鲁东大学学报（自然科学版）》
2020年第3期224-232,共9页
Journal of Ludong University:Natural Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金(31770762)。
关键词
滨麦
环境异质性
生物量
形态可塑性
形态特性
Leymus mollis
environmental heterogeneity
biomass
morphological plasticity
morphological characteristics
