摘要
家庭破裂是导致后代向下流动的重要因素之一。西方研究发现,父母离婚不仅不利于子女青少年期的学业、心理和行为发展,还会持续影响子女成年以后的地位获得。当代中国离婚率的快速上升始于20世纪八九十年代,当时经历父母离婚的孩子如今已成年。利用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,通过研究经历父母离婚、父母丧偶对子女25岁以后的教育成就、职业成就与收入的影响,可以发现,离异家庭的儿子与同等家庭背景但成长于完整家庭的男性相比教育程度更低,但除此之外,并无证据表明经历父母离婚对孩子成年后的职业或收入存在直接的负面影响。与西方研究的发现不同,中国父母离婚对子女的影响存在“社会出身的补偿效应”,由于在中国长期以来社会经济地位较高的家庭的离婚风险相对较高:大多数离异家庭有相对充足的经济资源和文化资本以缓冲离婚对子女的负面影响。但从反事实的角度上说,如果没有经历父母离婚,这些家庭的子女的长期发展也许会更好。
Family disruption is one of the important factors that degrade the socioeconomic status of a child in the family.Research in the West has documented that parental divorce not only is negatively associated with educational and psychological outcomes in a person's childhood and adolescence,but also leads to long-term disadvantages in his/her adulthood.The divorce level in China has begun to climb rapidly since the 1980s.Most of the children who experienced parental divorce in the 1980s and 1990s have already grown up.This provides a rare opportunity to investigate the long-term consequences of parental divorce for children's socioeconomic achievements in China.Using the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey,this study examines the effects of parental divorce and the death of a parent on their children' s educational attainments,occupational achievements,and income after age 2'.The results show that men with parental divorce attained lower education,compared with those with comparable socioeconomic origin but without parental divorce.But apart from this,there is no evidence showing that parental divorce may make additional direct effects upon their adult children's occupation or earnings.The results also support the "social origin compensatory effect"hypothesis,as divorced families in China were positively selected for their higher socioeconomic status,and highly educated urban parents were able to minimize the negative impact of divorce on their children's development.Nevertheless,these children would have attained higher achievement if their lives had not been disrupted by parental divorce.
作者
张春泥
Zhang Chunni(Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期128-139,共12页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
家庭破裂
父母离婚
代际社会流动
family disruption
parental divorce
intergenerational mobility
