摘要
目的分析银川市城区中学生高度近视流行现状及其可能的影响因素。方法采用横断面调查设计,在非睫状肌麻痹情况下对银川市中学生的眼屈光状态指标进行采集,同时对研究对象开展问卷调查。结果中学各年级学生共检查5 951人(11 902眼),近视眼的检出率为73.71%(8 773眼),其中高度近视检出率为11.12%(1 324眼);正视眼检出率为24.68%(2 937眼)。初中生高度近视检出率为8.09%(612眼),高中生高度近视检出率明显高于初中生,为16.41%(712眼),组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=421.300,P=0.000)。女生高度近视检出率为12.06%,高于男生高度近视检出率为10.18%(χ2=48.431,P=0.000);右眼高度近视为700眼(5.88%),左眼高度近视为624眼(5.24%)(χ2=10.809,P=0.001)。中学生高度近视平均屈光度为(-7.57±1.38)D,其中初中生为(-7.48±1.25)D、高中生为(-7.65±1.47)D、中学生平均屈光度组间差异无统计学意义(F=2.059,P=0.068)。经有序logistic回归分析显示年龄、性别、家族史及每天户外活动时间与学生近视程度存在关联,各因素间组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中学生高度近视构成呈随年级逐年上升的趋势,年龄、性别、家族史及每天户外活动时间是学生近视形成及近视程度加重的影响因素,应在高度近视的形成过程中进行监控和医源干预。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of high myopia and its possible influencing factors among middle school students in urban area of Yinchuan city.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in middle school students in Yinchuan city.The data about the students’visual acuity and non-cycloplegic objective refraction were collected;meanwhile,a questionnaire survey was conducted.Results A total of 11,902 eyes of 5,951 middle school students from different grades were screened.The detection rate of myopia was 73.71%(8,773 eyes),with the detection rate of high myopia being 11.12%(1,324 eyes).The detection rate of emmetropia was 24.68%(2,937 eyes).The detection rate of high myopia was significantly higher in senior middle school students(16.41%,712 eyes)than in junior ones(8.09%,612 eyes),showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2=421.300,P=0.000).The detection rate of high myopia was higher in girls than in boys(12.06%vs.10.18%,χ2=48.431,P=0.000).There were 700 right eyes and 624 left eyes with high myopia(χ2=10.809,P=0.001),accounting for 5.88%and 5.24%,respectively.The average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction in the middle school students was(-7.57±1.38)D,of which that in junior and senior middle school students was(-7.48±1.25)D and(-7.65±1.47)D,respectively,without a statistically significant difference(F=2.059,P=0.068).Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age,gender,family history of myopia and daily outdoor activity time were associated with the degree of myopia of the middle school students,and there were statistically significant differences in each influencing factor between groups(all P<0.05).Conclusions The severity of high myopia of the middle school students kept increasing with the increase of grade.Age,gender,family history of myopia and daily outdoor activity time are factors influencing the formation and severity of myopia;and hence,monitoring and medical intervention should be carried out during the formation of high myopia.
作者
王文婷
莫爱红
张艳萍
哈文静
WANG Wen-ting;MO Ai-hong;ZHANG Yan-ping;HA Wen-jing(Yinchuan Aier Ophthalmologic Hospital,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001,China)
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2020年第7期834-838,共5页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
高度近视
中学生
影响因素
high myopia
middle school student
influencing factor
