摘要
以甘南藏族自治州为研究区域,从自然生态状况及环境质量状况两方面对研究区域生态环境状况进行了监测。自然生态监测包含植被生长状况监测及土地利用状况监测两个方面,其中植被生长状况监测采用实地测量与DJI Phantom 4无人机测量相结合的方法;土地利用状况监测采用遥感解译方法。环境质量监测主要包含环境空气质量监测及地表水环境质量监测两个部分,采用自动监测与手工监测相结合的方式。研究结果表明:2018年甘南藏族自治州植被生长状况监测样点的草地类型主要为高寒草甸和山地草甸,高寒草甸监测样点植被盖度均值95.76%,草层高度均值18.34cm,地上生物量均值266.73g/m^2;山地草甸监测样点植被盖度均值95.73%,草层高度均值19.51cm,地上生物量均值165.75g/m^2。研究区域土地利用类型主要以草地和林地为主,草地、林地面积分别占研究区域总面积的50.62%、33.30%,草地主要集中分布在玛曲、夏河、碌曲及卓尼县,林地主要集中分布在迭部、舟曲、卓尼及夏河县。环境空气有效监测天数共计2821d,其中达标天数为2759d,日均值达标率为97.80%,主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)及臭氧(O3)。Ⅱ类地表水水质频次比例为63.44%,Ⅲ类地表水水质频次比例为25.81%,超标地表水水质频次比例为6.45%,主要超标项目为化学需氧量、铬(六价)。
Taking Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the research area,the ecological environment status of the research area is monitored from two aspects of natural ecological status and environmental quality status.Natural ecological monitoring includes two aspects:vegetation growth status monitoring and land use status monitoring.A-mong them,vegetation growth status monitoring uses the method of field measurement and DJI Phantom 4drone measurement;land use status monitoring uses remote sensing interpretation method.Environmental quality monito-ring mainly includes ambient air quality monitoring and surface water environmental quality monitoring.It adopts the method of automatic monitoring and manual monitoring.The results of the study indicate that in 2018,the grassland types of the monitoring samples of vegetation growth in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are mainly alpine meadows and mountain meadows.The average vegetation coverage of the monitoring samples of alpine meadows is 95.76%;the average grass height is 18.34cm,and the average above-ground biomass is 266.73g/m^ 2;the average vegetation coverage of mountain meadow monitoring samples is 95.73%;the average grass height is 19.51cm,and the average above-ground biomass is 165.75g/m^ 2.The land use types in the study area are mainly grassland and woodland;the grassland and woodland areas account for 50.62%and 33.30%of the total area of the study area.Grassland is mainly distributed in Maqu,Xiahe,Luqu and Zhuoni counties,and woodland is mainly distributed in Diebu,Zhouqu,Zhuoni and Xiahe counties.The number of effective ambient air monitoring days is 2821days,of which the number of compliance days is 2759days,and the average daily compliance rate is 97.80%.The main pollu-tants are inhalable particulate matter(PM 10),fine particulate matter(PM 2.5)and ozone(O 3).The frequency ratio of surface water quality of categoryⅡis 63.44%;the frequency ratio of surface water quality of categoryⅢis 25.81%;the frequency ratio of surface water quality exceeding the standard is 6.45%,and the main items exceeding the stand-ard are chemical oxygen demand and chromium.
作者
杨青
张强
陆荫
杨淑霞
Yang Qing;Zhang Qiang;Lu Y in;Yang Shuxia(Gansu Environmental Monitoring Center,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2020年第10期143-147,共5页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
基金
甘肃省青年科技基金计划(编号:18JR 3RA024)。
关键词
甘南藏族自治州
自然生态状况监测
环境质量状况监测
Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
natural ecological monitoring
environmental quality monitoring
