摘要
目的:阐述新规则下我国精英女子仰泳运动员出发技术预备姿势阶段、离壁阶段、腾空阶段和入水阶段的技术数据,并探寻数据间的相关性。方法:使用水上摄像机同步定点拍摄我国精英女子仰泳运动员仰泳出发(使用新型仰泳出发器)水上动作,使用瑞士Dartfish运动视频技战术解析系统对视频进行二维影像解析,使用Microsoft Excel、SPSS 18.0软件对所得数据进行数理统计。结果:我国精英女子仰泳运动员出发预备姿势的重心高度为0.21±0.06 m,离壁瞬间重心水平速度为3.62±0.20 m/s,腾空高度为0.31±0.08 m,入水角为16.37±3.14°;出发至15 m用时为7.42±0.33 s,预备姿势阶段的重心高度、离壁阶段的离壁瞬间重心水平速度、腾空阶段的腾空高度与入水阶段的入水角与出发至15 m用时之间存在显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论:新规则下,仰泳出发器的使用优化了我国精英女子仰泳运动员出发阶段主要技术参数:预备姿势身体重心高度上升,肘关节角度和膝关节角度减小,离壁瞬间重心水平速度加快,出发腾空时间缩短。建议:我国精英女子仰泳运动员应依据各自的身体条件及身体素质特点采用适于自己的仰泳出发技术,注重对下肢蹬伸的最大力量训练。
Objective:This paper explained the technical characteristics of Chinese elite women backstrokers’starting technique in the stage of starting preparation position,takeoff,airborne,and water entry techniques,and to explore the correlation between data parameters.Methods:Water camera with synchronous and fixed-point shooting was used to capture the Chinese elite women backstroke athletes’backstroke starting water movement(using a new backstroke starting device),Dartfish sport video technology and tactics analysis system in Switzerland was used to analyze the two-dimensional video of backstroke starting technology,Microsoft Excel and SPSS 18.0 were used to make mathematical statistics on the data.Results:The average height of center of gravity in the starting preparation position of Chinese elite women backstrokers was 0.21±0.06 m,the average horizontal speed of the center gravity of body in the takeoff stage was 3.62±0.20 m/s,the average height in the airborne stage was 0.31±0.08 m,the average water entrance angle was 16.37±3.14°,the average time of 15m was 7.42±0.33 s;the height of center of gravity in the starting preparation position,the horizontal speed of the center gravity of body in the takeoff stage,the height in the airborne stage and the water entrance angle were negatively correlated with the time to 15 m(P<0.05).Conclusion:Under the new rules,it optimizes the main technical parameters of Chinese elite women backstrokers in the starting stage by using the backstroke starting device,the height of body center of gravity of starting preparation position has been rising and the angle of elbow joint and knee joint has been decreasing,the average horizontal speed of the center gravity of body in the takeoff stage is faster than before,the time of starting in the airborne stage has been shortened.Suggestion:Chinese elite women backstrokers should adopt suitable backstroke starting technique according to their own physical conditions and characteristics,and pay attention to the maximum strength training of lower limb stretching.
作者
朱晓丹
高捷
许聪
韦逸
ZHU Xiaodan;GAO Jie;XU Cong;WEI Yi(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Haidian District Children Swimming Sports School,Beijing 100080,China;Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第7期79-83,89,共6页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
北京体育大学校自主课题青年创新团队项目(2018TD002)。
关键词
女子
仰泳
出发技术
技术数据
技术特征
woman
backstroke
starting technique
technical data
technical characteristics
