摘要
《民法典》在权利质立法上采保守和实用主义态度,没有放开权利质权的客体限制,继续以应收账款作为规范客体之一。《民法典》遗传了《物权法》在权利质方面的既有制度缺失,在对第三债务人的效力、质权人对出质应收账款的控制权等方面缺乏规范,导致司法实践中只能以类推适用债权转让规则的方法解决个案审理问题。同时,《合同法》对一般债权转让缺乏有效的公示规则,实践中多有应收账款转让"借道"应收账款质押登记系统进行"公示"的情形,这个问题在《民法典》引入保理合同之后得到部分解决。将来的《民法典》司法解释应当规定应收账款质押与应收账款转让在规范上的相互准用,这是解决相关制度缺失的有效进路。《民法典》虽然继续选择以登记作为应收账款质押的生效要件,但通知第三人在保全质权方面仍有重要意义。《民法典》规定的应收账款登记效力和实务中的效力之间存在矛盾,宜统一规定为登记对抗主义。
The Civil Code adopts a conservative and pragmatic legislative attitude in the legislation of pledge of rights,without liberalizing the object restrictions of pledge of rights,and continues to use accounts receivable as the normative object.The Civil Code inherits the lack of the existing system of the Property Law.It lacks regulations on the effectiveness of the third debtor,the pledgee’s control over the pledged receivables,etc.In judicial practice,the problem of case trial can only be solved by analogy applies to the method of assignment rules of creditor’s rights.The Contract Law lacks effective publicity rules for the general assignment of creditor’s rights.In practice,there are many cases of transferring accounts receivable by using pledge registration system of accounts receivable.This issue was partially resolved after the introduction of factoring contracts in the Civil Code.In the future,the judicial interpretation of the Civil Code should stipulate that the pledge of accounts receivable and the assignment of accounts receivable should be used to regulate each other,which is an effective way to solve the lack of systems.Although the Civil Code continues to choose to use registration as the effective element of the pledge of accounts receivable,it is still of great significance to notify the third party in the preservation of pledge rights.There are contradictions between the validity of the registration of accounts receivable and the effectiveness in practice in the provisions of the Civil Code,and it should be unified as registration confrontation.
作者
裴亚洲
PEI Yazhou(School of Literature and Law,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《法学论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期33-44,共12页
Legal Forum
关键词
民法典
应收账款质押
应收账款转让
规范准用
Civil Code
pledge of accounts receivable
assignment of accounts receivable
referred rule application
