摘要
氮掺杂碳材料是近年来新兴的一种多孔材料,具有高比表面积、高导电性、高活性和良好的稳定性,但制备过程繁琐,成本较高.本文简要介绍了采用廉价生物质制备氮掺杂碳材料的方法,生物质来源广泛、安全无毒且成本低廉,虾壳、藻类、果壳和毛发等生物废弃物中所含木质素、蛋白质和氨基酸等提供了丰富的N、P、C等元素,既可作为氮源也可以作为碳源.生物质经过活化可制成生物质基氮掺杂碳材料,由于N元素改变了碳材料的电荷密度和表面理化性质,提供更多活性位点,使材料不但具有优异的电化学性能,又可作为载体均匀负载金属催化各类反应,能够得到比商业催化剂更好的催化性能.重点介绍生物质基氮掺杂碳材料在燃料电池和超级电容器领域的应用,讨论了生物质基氮掺杂碳材料的制备和应用存在的问题,展望其未来的发展趋势.
Nitrogen-doped carbon material is a new porous material with high specific surface area,high electrical conductivity,high activity and good stability,but the preparation process is complicated and the cost is high.This paper introduced a kind of nitrogen doped carbon materials made by biomass.Biomass is abundant in nature,friendly to environment,non-toxic to people and low cost.Shrimp shell,algae,fruit shells,human hair and other biomass waste contain lignin,protein and amino acid,which could provide a series of elements such as N,C,P,S,O.Therefore biomass could be used as nitrogen source and carbon source.Biomass after activation could be made into biomass nitrogen-doped carbon material,since N changed the charge density,surface physical and chemical properties of the carbon materials,providing more active sites to make the surface of the carbon material positively charged.So biomass nitrogen-doped carbon materials not only had excellent electrochemical performance,but also could be used as a carrier uniformly loading metals to catalyze various reactions,thus obtaining a better catalytic performance than commercial catalysts.The supercapacitor made of biomass nitrogen-doped carbon materials as electrode showed excellent specific capacity and outstanding stability.Thus biomass nitrogen-doped carbon materials could be widely used in fuel cells,oxygen reduction reaction,supercapacitor,electrode material,sensors and other fields.
作者
王晓晨
WANG Xiaochen(Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology,SINOPEC,Shanghai 201208,China)
出处
《化学研究》
CAS
2020年第2期154-162,共9页
Chemical Research
