摘要
目的了解597名作业人员口腔颊黏膜病变特点,更好地掌握职业人群口腔健康情况。方法参照《职业健康监护技术规范》(GBZ 188—2014),于2018年对108家企业一线员工进行职业健康体检。在口腔科检查时,记录受检者既往史、生活习惯,检查口腔双侧颊黏膜。以接触各类职业病危害因素的一线生产工人5559为接触组,行政、后勤、管理人员873人为对照组,比较两组人员的口腔颊黏膜病变检出情况,分析不同因素对口腔颊黏膜健康的影响。结果108家企业历年工作场所粉尘、化学物、电离辐射、紫外辐射的检测值均低于职业接触限值,噪声声级合格率为27.3%~92.3%。两组人员共检出口腔颊黏膜病变597例,检出率7.23%。检出的颊黏膜病变主要均是颊黏膜水肿、皮脂腺囊肿、皮脂腺囊肿并水肿三大类。接触组检出率9.70%,高于对照组的6.64%(P<0.01);男性检出率高于女性(P<0.01)。接触组中,粉尘组、化学物组、物理因素组、特殊作业组颊黏膜病变检出率亦均高于对照组(P<0.05),其中接触噪声、酸碱的人员检出率较高。结论各种职业因素和环境因素能以不同方式影响职业人群颊黏膜健康。在工作中,应做好个人防护,同时改变不良生活习惯,减轻不良因素的刺激,控制疾病的发生、发展。
Objective To investigate the characteristics,distribution and influencing factors of workers’oral and buccal mucosal lesions,and to find out the preventive and therapeutic strategies.Methods According to National Technical Specification for Occupational Health Monitoring(GBZ 188-2014),the workers’occupational health examination was carried out in 108 enterprises in 2018.The stomatology examination included recording past history and lifestyle habits and checking the oral bilateral buccal mucosa.Totally,5559 first-line workers exposed to various occupational hazards and 873 administrative,logistics and management personnel were examined.Result The occupational monitoring in these enterprises showed that the workers exposed to dust,or chemicals,or ionizing radiation,or ultraviolet radiation or noise.The exposure levels of these hazards were lower than national exposure limits,except for noise with compliance of 27.3%-92.3%at different workplaces.Totally 597 workers(7.23%)were found with buccal mucosa lesions.The lesions of buccal mucosa were mainly buccal edema,sebaceous cyst and edema.It showed that the workers in exposed group had higher prevalence(9.70%)than workers without occupational exposure(6.64%)(P<0.01)and male higher than female(P<0.01).Among exposed workers,the workers exposed to noise or acid-base chemicals had higher prevalence.Conclusion Various occupational and environmental factors could affect buccal mucosa health.We should improve personal protection,c hange unhealthy habits to control the occurrence and development of diseases..
作者
覃静
练思玲
李宗杰
方晓阳
雷森
QIN Jing;LIAN Siling;LI Zongjie;FANG Xiaoyang;LEI Sen(Jiangmen Institute of Occupational Disease Treatment and Control,Jiangmen,Guangdong 529000,China)
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2020年第3期262-267,共6页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
关键词
口腔
颊黏膜
病变
职业病
职业因素
oral cavity
buccal mucosa
lesion
occupational hazard
occupational factor
