摘要
选择我国大面积种植的4个水稻品种,比较分析了区试产量与亩产千公斤产量(吨粮田)的产量结构及品种增产潜力。结果表明,与水稻品种区试产量相比,吨粮田水稻产量提高主要是实粒数和有效穗数的提高,而千粒重相对稳定。水稻品种吨粮田与区试比较的增产因子分析表明,4个品种平均增穗增产贡献30%,增穗粒重增产贡献70%。增穗粒重是实现亩产吨粮的主要途径,穗型较大的品种更具有超高产的潜力。籼型杂交稻亩产吨粮需要每m^2颖花数在58 000~72 000个之间,单穗粒质量在4.1~7.0 g之间;籼粳杂交稻亩产吨粮需要每m2颖花数在78 000~80 000个之间,单穗粒质量在6.0~7.8 g之间。水稻亩产吨粮田在充足的库容量的基础上,颖花结实率及籽粒充实度均较高。
The yield and its components and yield increasing potential were compared and analyzed between the variety regional trial and the high-yielding demonstration of 15 t/hm2 with four hybrid rice used in large areas in China.The results showed that,compared with rice regional trial,the yield increase of demonstration of 15 t/hm2 mainly resulted from the increase of grain number per panicle and effective panicles per unit area,while the 1000-grain weight was relatively stable.The factor analysis of yield increase between demonstration of 15 t/hm2 and variety regional trial indicated that the increase of panicle number contributed 30%of yield increase,and the increase of grain weight per panicle contributed 70%of yield increase on average.The increase of grain weight per panicle is the main pathway to realize the high yield of 15 t/hm2.Variety with big panicle has higher yield potential.Grains per m2 of 58,000~72,000 and grain weight per panicle of 4.1~7.0 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica hybrid rice.Grains per m2 of 78,000~80,000 and grain weight per panicle of 6.0~7.8 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica-japonica hybrid rice.For 15 t/hm2,spikelet fertility and grain filling percent were higher on the basis of sufficient grain storage capacity.
作者
朱德峰
杨从党
向镜
陈惠哲
张玉屏
陈叶平
王岳钧
王亚梁
张义凯
ZHU Defeng;YANG Congdang;XIANG Jing;CHEN Huizhe;ZHANG Yuping;CHEN Yeping;WANG Yuejun;WANG Yaliang;ZHANG Yikai(China National Rice research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China;Institute of Grain Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kuiming 650201,China;Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310020)
出处
《中国稻米》
2020年第4期7-9,共3页
China Rice
关键词
杂交稻
产量潜力
高产
增产因子
hybrid rice
yield potential
high yield
yield-increasing factor
