摘要
为了探究牛顿摆系统中能量衰减速率,以2019年全国大学生物理学术竞赛(CUPT)“牛顿摆”这一题目为基础,研究摆球的数量、材质和排列方式对牛顿摆衰减速率的影响。根据质量—弹簧模型用Matlab软件进行理论模拟;改变摆球的数量、半径大小、材质及排列方式等进行多种实验,用Tracker和Origin软件对实验数据进行分析,探究了牛顿摆系统中影响能量衰减速率的各种因素。研究结果表明:牛顿摆的衰减速率与摆球个数、摆球半径、拉起高度成正相关,与杨氏模量成负相关,与排列的整齐度成负相关。摆球之间的粘弹力及空气阻力是导致摆球停止的关键因素。
In order to explore the energy decay rate in the Newton’s cradle system, the paper,based on the topic of "Newton’s cradle" in the 2019 China Undergraduate Physics Tournament(CUPT). The effect of the number, material and arrangement of the pendulum on the decay rate of Newton’s pendulum is studied According to the theoretical simulation using the MATLAB software based on the Mass-spring model as well as the experiments changing the number, radius size,material, and alignment of the spheres, analyzes the experiment data using the Tracker and Origin software and explored the factors that affect the rate of energy decay. It is found that the decay rate of Newton’s cradle is positively related to the number of spheres, the radius of the sphere and the pull-up height, negatively related to the Young’s modulus, and negatively related to the degree of the arrangement. The sticky elastic between the spheres and air resistance are the key factors that lead to the rest of the ball.
作者
刘慧
孟凡闫
夏传鸿
边健
丰远
LIU Hui;MENG Fanyan;XIA Chuanhong;BIAN Jian;FENG Yuan(College of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering,Hefei University,Hefei,Anhui,230601,China)
出处
《宁波工程学院学报》
2020年第2期13-20,共8页
Journal of Ningbo University of Technology
基金
安徽省教育厅质量工程项目(2018jyxm0377)
合肥学院教研项目(2017jyxm013,2018hfsxzx03)。
