摘要
清末民初中国现代学术体系的建立,呈现为国际化(或称"世界化")与本土化(或称"中国化")双向展开的过程:西方现代学术与中国古典学术是中国现代学术体系建立赖以支撑的两大知识系统;中西融合、中西会通是中国现代学术建立的基本途径;从"输入外国学说"到学术本土化开启,是清末民初现代学术转型中值得重视的发展趋势。在引入西学分科体系建立起图书馆学、社会学、民族学等"专门之学"后,各分立学科即开启了学术本土化的探索,"建设中国的图书馆学""建设一种中国化的社会学"、民族学(人类学)的中国化、"使中国的教育中国化"等议题纷纷提出。学人们主张全面借鉴中国古典学术中的义理、考据、辞章三个层面的本土资源,推进学术理论、学术方法与学术话语的本土化建设:注重古典学术文本学理内涵之诠释与本土问题之调研,使本土资源、本土经验成为构建各人文社会学科学术理论的重要源头;将考据学等传统学术方法与现代科学方法融会贯通,确立中国现代人文学术研究中以实证性研究为代表的学术研究范式;以原处于从属地位的民间口语(白话文)改造国语之"辞章",构建中国本土化的现代性学术话语体系。
In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the Chinese modern academic system was constructed through a bidirectional process of internationalization or universalization and localization or Sinicization.That is to say,the two knowledge systems of the modern scholarship in the West and the Chinese classic scholarship constituted the bases on which the Chinese modern academic system was built,syncretism and interfusion were the basic path by which the Chinese modern scholarship moved ahead,and the developing trend from "introducing foreign theories"to the beginning of academic localization in the transformation of modern scholarship in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China should be paid attention to. After the the "specialized disciplines"such as library science,sociology & ethnology were established with western subdisciplines,the process of academic localization began within these specialized disciplines,and many topics were discussed such as "constructing China’s library science","constructing one kind of Sinicized sociology",Sinicizing ethnology or anthropology and "Sinicizing China’s education".The scholars proposed that lessons should be comprehensively drew from the three local resources of argumentation,textual criticism and verbalism,and the construction of localization of academic theories,academic methods and academic discourses urged. Specifically speaking,explanations on theories and connotations of classic texts and investigations on local problems should be emphasized,thus the local resources and experiences could be transformed as important headwaters.The traditional academic methods should be integrated with the modern scientific ones,thus the paradigms of academic studies embodied in empirical researches could be established among China’s modern humanistic researches.The verbalism of national language should be transformed from dialects or writings in the vernacular,formerly as subordinate forms,and the localized China’s modern academic systems of discourse could be rebuilt.
出处
《东岳论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第7期58-66,191,共10页
DongYue Tribune
基金
教育部人文社科一般项目“分科与聚合:民国前期西方学术观念传入与中国图书馆学的产生”(主持人:于作敏
项目编号:15YJA870017)。
