摘要
为探究沿黄经济区工农业经济迅速发展所引起的土地利用频繁变化,基于地理信息系统(geographical information system,GIS)空间分析技术,通过转移矩阵、地学信息图谱、标准差椭圆、核密度和热点分析法,探究该区各地类数量结构演化和空间格局特征。结果表明:近38 a,建设用地和耕地大幅增长,其他地类均有减少,耕地流转为建设用地,主要来源为开垦草地和未利用地,水域林地略微减少,变化率低于1%;空间分异上,图谱单元以水域向草地和耕地转化为主导,集中分布于平罗县、贺兰山脚和黄河以东,其次为耕地转为建设用地,主要发生在青铜峡市和利通区;地类变化在空间上呈现东北-西南的集中分布趋势,覆盖范围逐渐趋于扩张;沿黄城市群以耕地、居民点和建设用地为主,工农业快速发展加速了地类的转化,成为土地利用的热点和密集区。贺兰山自然保护区和白芨滩生态保护区,地类以林地和荒漠草原为主,是土地利用的冷点区。
To explore the frequent changes in land use caused by rapid development of industrial and agricultural sectors in the economic zones along the Yellow River, GIS spatial analysis approaches such as land use transfer matrix, land use geo-informatic spectrum, standard deviation ellipse, hotspot analysis, and density analysis were used to explore the evolution of land use quantity structure and characteristics of spatial pattern in the Yinchuan Plain in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018. Results show that the dominant types of land use are cultivated land and unused land. The area of construction land and cultivated land increase significantly, and the grassland and unused land decrease dramatically, which are reclaimed mainly for cultivated land. The construction land is transferred mainly from cultivated land. Forestland and water body are less converted, but the area is reduced overall. In terms of spatial differentiation characteristics, the spectrum unit is dominated by the conversion of water body to grassland and cultivated land, which are concentrated in Pingluo County, the foot of the Helan Mountains, and east of the Yellow River. Another obvious change of spectrum unit is the conversion of cultivated land to construction land, which is located mainly in Qingtongxia City and Litong District. The change of land use types demonstrate a centralized distribution trend from northeast to southwest in space, and the coverage gradually expande during the period. Cities along the Yellow River are dominated by cultivated land, residential areas, and construction land, in which rapid development in industry and agriculture economy has accelerated the transformation of land types, becoming a hot spot and dense area in land use. The Helan Mountain Nature Reserve and Baijitan Ecological Reserve, whose main land use types are woodland and desert grassland, are the main cold spots area of land use in the Yinchuan Plain.
作者
毛鸿欣
贾科利
高曦文
张俊华
MAO Hong-xin;JIA Ke-li;GAO Xi-wen;ZHANG Jun-hua(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Environmental Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2020年第20期8008-8018,共11页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(41361014)
宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2018AAC03007)。
关键词
土地利用变化
时空格局
地学信息图谱
银川平原
land use change
spatiotemporal pattern
geo-informatic spectrum
Yinchuan Plain
