摘要
为提高和改进WKH的竞走技术,运用生物力学测量法、专家访谈法、文献研究法等,对WKH竞走技术要素指标进行分析。研究结论:1)WKH的竞走技术的速度指标特征为:慢速走时左腿复步时间和右腿复步时间不均衡,左腿步频较快;快速走时两腿平衡较好,且比洛佩兹平均步频快。快速走时和慢速走时具有复步时间短、步频快的特点。2)WKH竞走技术的长度指标特征为:左腿步长和右腿步长不均衡,而且步长变化不稳定,尤其在太仓竞走选拔赛中慢速走左腿步长变化大,髋部灵活性不足。慢速走后摆技术还有待改进。离地技术主要是离地时摆动腿膝关节弯曲太大,髋部灵活性不足,单腿不能充分前伸。快速走时单腿前摆距离不太均衡。在太仓竞走选拔赛中单腿前摆距离大、后蹬距离不足,竞走技术经济性下降。慢速走时左腿前摆距离与后蹬距离有待调整、右侧肩部及髋部的灵活性还有待加强训练,加强左脚离地后左腿肌肉的放松。在慢速走时重心比较稳定,在快速走时重心起伏略大。3)WKH竞走技术动作角度指标特征为:当加大大臂后摆动作时存在双臂摆动角度不平衡的现象。从慢速走到快速走脚底着地角度偏小,前行阻力增大,下肢关节累积负荷增大。快速走时左腿肌肉放松程度与右腿肌肉松弛程度有差异,在黄山竞走大奖赛中慢速走时左腿肌肉更为松弛。两大腿重合时单腿膝关节弯曲角度在太仓竞走选拔赛中变化较大。单脚着地时躯干倾角不为0°,单脚着地躯干与地面保持90°还有待训练,单脚脚底着地技术还有待改进。建议:进一步加强髋部的灵活性训练和四肢平衡性训练,加大大臂后摆幅度,提高摆动腿的肌肉放松程度,快速走要控制摆动腿前摆距离、小腿后蹬距离和身体重心的稳定性。
In order to improve WKH race walking technique, biomechanical measurement, expert interview and literature research were used to analyze the technical elements of WKH race walking. Research conclusions: 1)The speed index characteristic of WKH’s race-walking technique is that when walking slowly, the time of left leg’s complex step and right leg’s complex step is not balanced, and the step frequency of left leg is faster;that the balance of legs was better when walking quickly, and the average stride frequency was faster than that of Lopez. Fast walking and slow walking have the characteristics of short time and fast frequency. 2) The characteristic of the length index of WKH walking technique is that the step length of the left leg and the right leg is unbalanced, and the change of step length is not stable, especially in Taicang race walking trials, the change of step length of the left leg in slow walking is great, and the flexibility of hip is insufficient. The slow walking backswing technique needs to be improved. The off the ground technique is mainly that the knee joint of swinging leg bends too much when off the ground, the hip flexibility is insufficient, and one leg cannot extend fully forward. When walking fast, the distance of one leg forward swing is not balanced. In Taicang race walking trials, the distance of single leg forward swing is large and the distance of backward pedal is insufficient, which leads to the decline of race walking technology and economy. Slow walking left leg swing distance and distance to be adjusted after the kick, the right shoulder and hip flexibility needs to be strengthened training to strengthen the left leg muscle relaxation after the left foot off the ground. When walking slowly, the center of gravity is relatively stable, and when walking fast, the center of gravity fluctuates slightly. 3) WKH race walking technical movement angle index characteristic is: When increases the big arm back swing movement to have the double arm to swing the angle not balanced phenomenon. From slow walking to fast walking, the plantar landing angle was smaller, the forward resistance increased, and the cumulative load of lower limb joints increased. The muscle relaxation degree of the left leg was different with the right leg when walking fast. The muscle relaxation degree of the left leg was more relaxed when walking slowly in Huangshan Race Walking Competition. When the two legs overlap, the bending angle of knee joint of single leg changes greatly in Taicang Race Walking Selection Competition. The angle of the trunk is not 0 °when one foot touches the ground, and it needs to be adjusted to 90°between the trunk and the ground, and the technique of one foot touching the ground needs to be improved. Recommendations: to further strengthen the flexibility of the hip training and four-limb balance training, increase the range of arm back swing, improve the degree of muscle relaxation of the swing leg, fast walking to control the swing leg forward swing distance, leg back pedal distance and the stability of the body center of gravity.
作者
李厚林
王鹏
原君
王浩
孙璐鑫
陈子博
杨腾阳
郭丕用
王喆
LI Houlin;WANG Peng;YUAN Jun;WANG Hao;SUN Luxin;CHEN Zibo;YANG Tengyang;GUO Peiyong;WANG Zhe(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Faculty of Physical Education,Qujing Normal University,Qujing,Yunnan 655011,China)
出处
《首都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期346-354,共9页
Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
基金
国家体育总局科研攻关和科技服务项目(2019TJ014)
2019年度北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划长城学者培养计划项目(CIT&TCD20190335)。
关键词
男子20
km
竞走
竞走技术
运动生物力学
men’s 20km race walking
race walking technique
sports biomechanics
