摘要
目的调查北京地区不同级别医疗单位收治晚期早产儿(LPIs)中小于胎龄儿院内营养支持情况现状,并分析其相关影响因素。方法收集2015年10月至2017年10月北京地区共25家医疗单位收治的LPIs的临床资料,按照出生体重与胎龄的关系分为小于胎龄儿组(SGA组)及非小于胎龄儿组(非SGA组),比较两组患儿院内营养支持现状,分析影响小于胎龄LPIs出院时达到足量喂养的影响因素。结果共纳入LPIs 1347例,其中男性730例,女性617例;SGA组151例,非SGA组1196例。SGA组院内纯母乳喂养率较高(5.3%比4.5%,P<0.01),加奶速度较慢[11.0 ml/(kg·d)比12.1 ml/(kg·d),P=0.003],达足量喂养平均所需时间较长(10.0 d比8.0 d,P=0.013),肠外营养应用率较高(77.5%比53.1%,P<0.01),肠外营养应用时间较长(5.0 d比2.0 d,P<0.01)。SGA组出生体重(1940 g比2490 g,P<0.01)、最低体重(1890 g比2400 g,P<0.01)及出院体重(2135 g比2530 g,P<0.01)均较低;生理性体重下降程度较低(3.1%比8.0%,P=0.015),体重增长速度较慢(13.3 g/d比33.0 g/d,P<0.01),平均住院日较长(11.0 d比8.0 d,P<0.01)。SGA组出院奶量[145.6比122.2 ml/(kg·d),P<0.01]及出院热卡[443.9 kJ/(kg·d)比384.1 kJ/(kg·d),P<0.01]均较高,住院期间达足量喂养率(31.8%比16.6%,P<0.01)及恢复出生体重率(78.8%比57.9%,P<0.01)均较高。以SGA组出院时达足量喂养为观察结局的Cox回归分析显示,加奶速度、肠外营养应用时间、住院时间是否≥7天、是否纯母乳喂养、母亲孕期是否合并妊娠期糖尿病或胎盘早剥均为SGA组出院时达足量喂养的影响因素。结论小于胎龄LPIs院内加奶速度慢,肠内营养热卡低,肠内营养程度不足;肠外营养应用率高,持续时间较长、提供热卡较高,因其住院时间相对较长,故其出院奶量和出院热卡也较高,出院时恢复出生体重率及达足量喂养率均较高。但小于胎龄LPIs住院期间体重增长速度较慢,出院体重仍较低。
Objective To investigate the current nutrition support status of hospitalized small for gestational age infants born late preterm in hospitals of Beijing, and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Clinical data of late preterm infants from 25 medical units in Beijing between October 2015 and October 2017 was collected and analyzed. Infants were assigned into two groups according to the relationship between their gestational age and birth body weight as small for gestational age(SGA) group and not small for gestational age(non-SGA) group, to compare their nutritional status and explore the related influential factors.Results Totally, 1 347 late preterm infants were enrolled, including 730 males and 617 females, 151 in SGA group and 1 196 in non-SGA group. The data showed that the rate of exclusive breast-feeding was higher (5.3% vs 4.5%, P<0.01), and the increasing of milk volume was slower [11.0 vs 12.1 ml/(kg·d), P=0.003] in SGA group. More parenteral nutrition was used (77.5% vs 53.1%, P<0.01), and the duration of parenteral nutrition was longer (5.0 vs 2.0 days, P<0.01) in SGA group. The birth weight(1 940 vs 2 490 g, P<0.01), the lowest body weight(1 890 vs 2 400 g, P<0.01) and the discharged body weight(2 135 vs 2 530 g, P<0.01)were lower in SGA group. The SGA group showed lower body weight loss(3.1% vs 8.0%, P=0.015), slower weight growth(13.3 vs 33.0 g/d, P<0.01), and longer length of hospital stay (11.0 vs 8.0 days, P<0.01). In SGA group, the milk volume at discharge [145.6 vs 122.2 ml/(kg·d), P<0.01] and the caloric of enteral feeding at discharge [443.9 vs 384.1 kJ/(kg·d), P<0.01] were higher, the rate of infants who regained their birth weight during hospitalization(78.8% vs 57.9%, P<0.01) was higher, and the rate of ones who achieve full enteral feeding (31.8% vs 16.6%, P<0.01) was higher. A Cox regression analysis in which we set infants can achieve full enteral feeding as goal showed that independent factors associated with full enteral feeding at discharge in SGA group included the increasing of enteral feeding, the duration of parenteral nutrition, whether the length of hospital stay longer than 7 days or not whether exclusive breastfeeding and whether the mothers of enrolled infants were diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus or placental abruption during pregnancy (P<0.05).Conclusions Infants in SGA group show slower increasing of milk volume and lower caloric amount of enteral feeding. More parenteral nutrition is used, and the duration of parenteral nutrition is longer in SGA group. Due to the longer length of hospital stay in SGA group, the milk volume and the caloric of enteral feeding at discharge are higher, more infants regain their birth weight during hospitalization, and more infants achieve full enteral feeding at discharge. Despite of higher portion of parenteral nutrition, infants in SGA group show slower weight growth and lower body weight at discharge.
作者
李巾宇
全美盈
杨立
刘捷
秦选光
张欣
韩彤妍
李瑛
付晓辉
李正红
张巍
Li Jinyu;Quan Meiying;Yang Li;Liu Jie;Qin Xuanguang;Zhang Xin;Han Tongyan;Li Ying;Fu Xiaohui;Li Zhenghong;Zhang Wei(Department of Pediatrics,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Peking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Pediatrics,Tongzhou Maternal&Child Health Hospital of Beijing,Beijing 101100,China;Department of Pediatrics,Peking University People's Hospital,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Pediatrics,Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100020,China;Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China;Department of Pediatrics,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;Department of Neonatology,Haidian Maternal&Child Health Hospital of Beijing,Beijing 100080,China;Department of Neonatology,Beijing Shangdi Hospital,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Neonatology,Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100026,China)
出处
《中华临床营养杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2020年第1期18-26,共9页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition
关键词
晚期早产儿
小于胎龄儿
肠内营养
足量喂养
Late preterm infants
Small for gestational age
Enteral nutrition
Full enteral feeding
