摘要
为揭示控释掺混肥机插侧深施在南方双季稻上的应用效果。采用田间小区试验,早、晚稻分别设置不施氮(N)肥、常规施肥、减N 30%机插侧深施肥和减N 30%机插侧深施控释掺混肥共4个处理,比较控释掺混肥机插侧深施与常规施肥对双季稻产量、经济效益及养分吸收、利用的差异,及其减施潜力。结果表明:与常规施肥处理相比,减N 30%机插侧深施肥处理早稻产量和经济效益分别提高20.2%~20.9%和31.8%~32.4%,有效穗数、总颖花数和总实粒数分别提高6.2%~7.5%,20.5%~25.3%和27.6%~28.2%;晚稻产量和经济效益分别提高3.9%~5.2%和12.6%~13.8%,有效穗数、总颖花数和总实粒数分别提高15.8%~17.8%,16.8%~18.6%和14.0%~16.8%。其中,以减量控释掺混肥机插侧深施处理效果较好。在减N 30%机插侧深施条件下,控释掺混肥处理较常规减N处理早稻成熟期N、P、K养分累积量分别提高1.6%,2.5%,7.9%,晚稻分别提高4.0%,1.1%,0.9%;早、晚稻N肥吸收利用率分别增加4.2%和10.2%,N肥农学利用率分别增加3.3%和1.2%,N肥偏生产力分别增加0.6%和1.2%。总体而言,在洞庭湖平原地区,控释掺混肥机插侧深施能有效减少稻田的N肥投入量,利于形成有效穗,并保证植株整个生育期对N素的需求,提高成熟期N、P、K累积量及N肥利用效率,减少N素损失,从而实现双季稻生产节肥、省工、增产和增效。
In order to reveal the application effect of machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization of controlled-release blended fertilizer in the southern double cropping rice.Field experiment was conducted for early-and late-rice,and 4 treatments were set up:no nitrogen(N)fertilizer application,conventional fertilization,machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization by reducing N of 30%and machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization of controlled-release blended fertilizer by reducing N of 30%.The objective of this study was to compare the effect of machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization of controlled-release blended fertilizer and conventional fertilization on yield,economic benefits and nutrient uptake and utilization of double-cropping rice,and its reducing potential.Results showed that the yield and economic benefit of machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization reduced N by 30%of early-rice is higher than those of conventional fertilization by 20.2%~20.9%and 31.8%~32.4%,and its effective panicle,total spikelet and total grain increased by 6.2%~7.5%,20.5%~25.3%,and 27.6%~28.2%,respectively.The yield and economic benefit of machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization reduced N by 30%of late rice increased by 3.9%~5.2%and 12.6%~13.8%,and its effective panicle,total spikelet,and total grain increased by 15.8%~17.8%,16.8%~18.6%and 14.0%~16.8%,respectively.Hence,the effect of the reduction of side-deep application of controlled-release blended fertilizer is better.Under the condition of machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization with a N reduction of 30%,the N,P and K uptakes of early-rice with controlled-release blended fertilizer compare with conventional fertilization reduction at harvest time increased by 1.6%,2.5%and 7.9%,respectively,and those of late rice increased by 4.0%,1.1%and 0.9%,and those of early-and late-rice were increased in N recovery efficiency by 4.2%and 10.2%,in N agronomic efficiency by 3.3%and 1.2%,in N partial factor productivity by 0.6%and 1.2%.In conclusion,in the Dongting Lake area,machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization of controlled-release blended fertilizer can effectively reduce N fertilizer application in the rice field,facilitate the formation of effective panicle,improve N,P,K accumulation and N fertilizer use efficiency,reduce N loss,and thus realize the production of double-cropping rice in terms of saving fertilizer,saving labor,increasing efficiency and increasing yield.
作者
钟雪梅
吴远帆
彭建伟
王刚
卢文璐
宋思明
唐启源
湛冬至
周旋
ZHONG Xuemei;WU Yuanfan;PENG Jianwei;WANG Gang;LU Wenlu;SONG Siming;TANG Qiyuan;ZHAN Dongzhi;ZHOU Xuan(College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128;Hunan Provincial Agriculture Committee, Changsha 410005;Miluo Agricultural Bureau, Miluo, Hunan 414400;Hunan Dragon Boat Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., Miluo, Hunan 414400;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125;Heshan Agricultural Bureau, Yiyang, Hunan 413000)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期256-262,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“聚醚类聚氨酯包膜缓控释肥料研制与应用”(2017YFD200703-3)
国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-26)
湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2019LS03-3)。
关键词
双季稻
机插侧深施
控释掺混肥
减氮
产量
氮素利用
double-cropping rice
machine-transplanting with side-deep fertilization
controlled-release blended fertilizer
reduction of nitrogen rate
yield
nitrogen utilization
