摘要
光是植物进行光合作用的主要能量来源,光照好坏直接影响作物的产量和品质。本研究针对现有植物补光系统多以功能叶光合能力为基准进行冠层补光,导致冠层新生叶光抑制、株间功能叶位补光不足以及补光位置不能适应作物生长进行动态调整的问题,以黄瓜为研究对象,设计了一种基于植株需光差异特性的设施黄瓜立体光环境智能调控系统。该系统由智能控制子系统、冠层-株间LED补光子系统、冠层-株间环境监测子系统和补光灯升降子系统组成,通过ZigBee技术实现各子系统间无线通信。其中冠层-株间环境监测子系统分别获取冠层和株间环境信息并发送至智能控制子系统,智能控制子系统根据环境实时信息调用冠层调控模型和株间适宜叶位调控模型获得相应调控目标值,并将其下发至冠层-株间补光灯,实现冠层与株间补光灯的动态实时调控。在陕西省泾阳县蔬菜产业综合服务区蔬菜基地分别部署立体补光设备和传统冠层补光设备,并进行系统调控效果验证试验。结果表明,立体补光区黄瓜植株的株高和茎粗显著增长,其中相比传统冠层补光区平均株高、茎粗分别增长了8.03%和7.24%,相比自然处理区平均株高、茎粗分别增长了26.51%和36.03%;在一个月的采摘期内,立体补光区相比传统冠层补光区和自然处理区产量分别提升了0.28和1.39 kg/m2,经济效益分别增加了2.82和4.88 CNY/m2,说明立体光环境调控系统能够提高经济效益,具有应用推广价值。
Light is the main energy source for plants to carry out photosynthesis,and the quality of light directly affects the yield and quality of crops.In view of the fact that most of the existing plant light supplement systems are based on the photosynthetic capacity of functional leaves,problems such as photoinhibition of new leaves in the canopy and lack of supplementary light in the functional leaf position between plants,and the position of light supplement can't be adjusted dynamically to adapt to crop growth exist,taking facility cucumber as the research object,an stereo light environment intelligent control system based on the characteristic differences of plant light requirements was designed in this research.The system is composed of intelligent control subsystem,canopy-plant environment monitoring subsystem,canopy-plant LED light-compensating lamp subsystem,and light-compensating lamp lifting subsystem.Wireless communication between subsystems was realized by using ZigBee technology.The canopy-interplant environmental monitoring subsystem obtains the canopy and interplant environmental information respectively and sends them to the intelligent control subsystem.According to the real-time environmental information,the intelligent control subsystem invokes the canopy regulation model and the appropriate interplant leaf position regulation model to obtain the corresponding regulation target values,and sends them to the canopy-interplant light-compensating lamp to realize the dynamic real-time regulation of the canopy and interplant light-compensating lamp.In November 2018,the stereoscopic light-compensating equipment and the traditional canopy light-compensating equipment were tested and verified with the natural control in the vegetable base of the vegetable industry comprehensive service area of Jingyang County,Shaanxi province.The results showed that,compared with the traditional canopy light-compensating area,the cucumber plant height and stem diameter in the stereoscopic light-compensating area increased significantly,and the average plant height and stem diameter increased by 8.03%and 7.24%,respectively.Compared with the natural treatment area,the average plant height and stem diameter increased by 26.51%and 36.03%,respectively.And during the one-month picking period,compared with the traditional canopy light-compensating area,the yield of the stereoscopic light-compensating area increased by 0.28 kg/m2,the economic benefit increased by 2.82 CNY/m2,the yield of the stereoscopic light-compensating area increased by 1.39 kg/m2,and the economic benefit increased by 4.88 CNY/m2;compared with the natural treatment area indicating that the stereoscopic light environment control system can improve economic benefits and has good application and promotion values.
作者
张仲雄
李斌
冯盼
张盼
来海斌
胡瑾
张海辉
ZHANG Zhongxiong;LI Bin;FENG Pan;ZHANG Pan;LAI Haibin;HU Jin;ZHANG Haihui(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Awareness and Intelligent Services of Shaanxi province,Yangling 712100,China)
基金
国家自然科学基金(31671587,31501224)
陕西省重点研发计划(2018TSCXL-NY-05-02)。
关键词
设施光环境
ZigBee
黄瓜叶位
立体补光
智能调控
PWM
facility light environment
ZigBee
cucumber leaf positions
stereoscopic light
intelligent regulation
PWM
