摘要
《神农本草经》的药物三品划分法受到了秦汉以来逐步成熟的"成仙长生初阶"思想的巨大影响。东汉后期全社会有长期的"疾病焦虑",早期太平道、五斗米道都纷纷以祛病为号召,在道教改革过程中,长生、成仙逐渐成为道教接近上层社会最便捷的手段,服食炼丹、投龙仪式等均体现出贵族化的特征。以《神农本草经》为代表,药物的"医疗属性"在相当长一个阶段内是从属于长生成仙目的的,"治病"被视为成仙长生的预备阶段,是"条件免责"意识的产物,这种思想认为只有在满足若干条件的基础上才能实现不死或成仙的目的,祛病—长生—成仙呈阶梯化递进关系,药物也就相应存在由粗到精的阶级,上中下三品药的划分正是基于此。但在本草药学漫长的发展过程中,总的趋势是原本只能完成初阶任务的草木类逐渐占据上风,金石类尤其是曾备受青睐的服食、炼丹原料逐渐式微,在证圣法古思维模式笼罩之下,后世医家虽然不至于直接否定《神农本草经》之三品分类,但是起码在实践中逐渐以疾病本身为核心进行了种种调整。
The concept of incipient immortalization deeply influenced Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica’s trichotomization of medicine. According to Divine Farmer,medicine was in the service of immortalization. In the late Later Han,the medical treatment was trichotomized into curing disease,prolonging life and acquiring immortality,thanks to the popular Daoist ideas. The trichotomy of medicine ensued. It should be pointed out that,in practice,the trichotomy was realistically adjusted,even as practitioners made no attempt to deny it.
出处
《史林》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期1-16,220,共17页
Historical Review
