摘要
某船体结构焊接车间焊接强度大、工位密集且车间跨度大,烟尘难以排除,造成车间内烟尘浓度超标,严重危害员工身心健康。本文通过建立焊接车间模型,基于气固两相离散粒子模型(DPM)对车间内焊接烟尘颗粒进行了数值模拟,分析了烟尘瞬态空间分布以及浓度变化,并提出一种增加开窗率和屋顶通风器的改进措施来提高车间通风率,加快烟尘排出室外。为了验证优化方法的有效性,进一步对车间内焊接工位的烟尘浓度进行了实验验证。模拟结果表明,焊接烟气消散所需的时间减少了50%,优化后焊接烟尘浓度最高值从7.2 mg/m^3降至3.73 mg/m^3,满足国家标准要求。实验结果与模拟结果吻合,证明了增加开窗率可以很好地改善焊接车间内工作环境,同时也说明DPM瞬态模拟方法能准确预测烟尘浓度分布,可为今后焊接车间除尘改造设计提供理论参考。
Excessive fume concentration was caused in the welding workshop of a hull structure due to its large welding strength,dense work stations and large span of the workshop,the difficulty in exhausting fumes,and the physical and mental health of employees was seriously harmed.In this paper,the numerical simulation was carried out on the welding fume particles in the workshop based on the establishment of the welding workshop model as well as the gas-solid dispersion particle model(DPM).The transient spatial distribution of smoke and dust and the concentration change were analyzed,and an improvement measure to increase the frequency of opening windows and install roof ventilators was proposed to improve the ventilation rate of the workshop and accelerate the exhaust of fume from the outside.For the purpose of verifying the effectiveness of the optimization method,experimental verification was further carried out on the fume concentration of the welding station in the workshop.As shown in the simulation results,the time required for the dissipation of welding fume was reduced by 50%,and the maximum value of welding fumes concentration was decreased from 7.2 mg/m^3 to 3.73 mg/m^3 after optimization,the national standard requirements,therefore,were met.The consistency between the experimental results and the simulation results shows that the working environment of the welding workshop can be improved by increasing the frequency of opening windows,and that the distribution of fume concentration can be accurately predicted by DPM transient simulation method,providing a theoretical reference for the future dust removal transformation design of the welding workshop.
作者
冯国增
雷淑雅
郭月姣
孟博
沈九兵
宋印东
FENG Guozeng;LEI Shuya;GUO Yuejiao;MENG Bo;SHEN Jiubing;SONG Yindong(Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Energy and Power,Zhenjiang 212003,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《建筑科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期112-118,共7页
Building Science
基金
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX19_1700)。
关键词
船体钢结构车间
焊接烟尘
离散粒子模型
数值模拟
除尘
hull steel structure workshop
welding fume
dispersion particle model (DPM)
numerical simulation
dust removal
