摘要
流行病学现场调研是公共卫生研究的重要方法,其过程涉及大量伦理问题,有相当一部分问题为既往研究所忽视,如不重视项目的科学性审查、不重视流行病学现场调研的公共卫生属性、不重视现场工作人员保护、受试者缺乏公共卫生意识等。从伦理原则出发,选取流行病学现场调研实践中有代表性的伦理缺失案例加以分析,指出导致这些伦理缺失发生的可能原因包括人才队伍建设管理机制存在缺陷、流行病学现场调研工作伦理守则或伦理行为规范欠缺、伦理工作缺乏监督、公共卫生宣传教育不够等。针对上述问题,建议加强人才队伍建设,建立流行病学现场调研伦理守则,强化伦理监督制度建设,并加强对公共卫生研究的宣传教育。
An epidemiological field study is an important method in public health research,and its process involves a large number of ethical issues.A significant number of problems have been overlooked in previous studies,such as a lack of attention to scientific reviews of projects,lack of attention to the public health attributes of epidemiological field study,lack of attention to field staff protection,and lack of public health awareness among the subjects.These problems have significant negative effects on public health research.The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the possible causes and mechanisms of these ethical deficiencies,and to propose solutions.This study analyses a number of representative samples of ethical deficiencies in epidemiological field study practice based on ethical principles,and identifies possible causes of these deficiencies,as follows.First,deficiencies in management mechanisms for human resource development have led to weak ethical awareness among staff.Second,there is no code of ethics or ethical conduct appropriate to the actual work of epidemiological field study that is easy to implement and monitor.Third,ethical works can emphasize form rather than substance,and can lack supervision.Fourth,there is insufficient public health education and publicity for the public.To improve the above situations,we recommend the following:strengthening human resource building;establishing a code of ethics for epidemiological field study;strengthening the construction of an ethical monitoring system;and strengthening public health research awareness and education.
作者
冯逵
Feng Kui(School of Basic Medical Science,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100005,China)
