摘要
目的了解军队院校招收学员视力不良情况及地域分布特点,为招生体检标准的修订及视力不良防控措施的制定提供参考依据。方法对全国31个省(市、自治区)2017年参加军校招生体检的37413名男学员按照视力诊断标准,将视力等级划分为正常、轻度、中度和重度四类,采用SAS 9.4软件比较不同省(市、自治区)、不同地区视力不良检出率。结果全国参加军校招生体检的男学员视力不良检出率为58.32%,最高和最低检出率分别为广东省(79.94%)和重庆市(39.11%)。各地区视力不良检出率存在显著差异(P<0.001),西北和华南地区检出率最高,分别为67.39%和70.66%;东北地区最低,为48.47%。不同地区学员的视力不良检出率随着年龄的增加而下降。城市和农村视力不良检出率分别为57.00%和59.67%,华东、华中与西南地区的视力不良检出率存在城乡差异(P<0.05)。少数民族视力不良检出率(55.61%)低于汉族(58.69%),除华南和华北地区之外,其他地区视力不良检出率在汉族和少数民族之间均存在差异(均P<0.05)。结论军校招收体检学员视力不良检出率较高并存在明显的地区差异,对检出率较高的地区应采取相应措施,重点防控。
Objective To explore prevalence and regional distribution characteristics of poor eyesight among young male physical examinees to be recruited by Chinese military academies and to provide references for revising physical examination standard and making measures for poor eyesight prevention.Methods We extracted data on visual acuity among 17–20 years old(mean=18.38±0.73)boy students(n=37413)having physical examination for military academy recruit in 31 province level regions in 2017.The eyesight of the students was assessed with standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and then the students’uncorrected visual acuities were classified into four groups:normal(binocular distant vision≥5.0),mild poor(monocular or binocular distant vision=4.9),moderate poor(monocular or binocular distant vision 4.6–4.8),and severe poor(monocular or binocular distant vision≤4.5).Regional difference in detection rate of poor eyesight was analyzed using SAS 9.4 software.Results For all the examinees,the overall detection rate of poor eyesight was 58.32%;a significant between province level region difference was observed in the detection rate(P<0.001),with the lowest rate(39.11%)among the examinees in Chongqing municipality and the highest(79.94%)in Guangdong province among the 31 province level regions and with higher rates(67.39%and 70.66%)in the northwestern and southern and a lower rare(48.47%)in the northeastern among geographical regions in China.The poor eyesight detection rate decreased with the increment of age among the examinees.The detection rate was 57.00%and 59.67%among the examinees from urban and rural areas.There was a significant between urban-rural difference in the poor eyesight detection rate among the examinees in the eastern,central and southwestern China.The poor eyesight detection rate was lower among minority examinees than among Han examinees(55.61%vs.58.69%)and the between ethnic group disparity in the detection rate was significant among the examinees from all geographical regions,except among those from southern and northern China(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion The detection rate of poor eyesight was higher among young male physical examinees to be recruited by Chinese military academies and was significantly different among the examinees from various regions.The results suggest that measures should be implemented among adolescents to control the prevalence of poor eyesight.
作者
张海悦
谭志军
陆洲
梁英
张玉海
尚磊
ZHANG Hai-yue;TAN Zhi-jun;LU Zhou(Department of health Statistics,School of Preventive Medicine,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an,Shaanxi Province 710032,China)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1032-1035,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
国家自然科学基金(81773540)
陕西省重点研发课题(2017SF–005)。
关键词
视力不良
学生
青少年
地区分布
poor eyesight
student
adolescent
regional distribution
