摘要
农业绿色发展作为一种全新的发展理念、技术模式和系统工程,将成为我国未来农业的发展方向,但仍有许多理论和科学问题亟待解决与回答。本文阐述了农业绿色发展理论框架与实现路径,认为与国际农业可持续发展相比,我国农业绿色发展更注重绿色和发展的协同,强调以发展带动绿色、用绿色促进发展,因此农业绿色发展面临更为艰巨的挑战。本文提出农业绿色发展科学的10大要素,即着眼1个食物系统,坚持绿色和发展2个主题,牢固社会、经济和生态环境3大支柱,聚焦资源、生产、消费、环境等之间4个界面,协调好政府、农民、企业、经销商和消费者5个利益主体的关系,遵循投入控制、循环增效、综合挖潜、减排环保、融合增值、优膳减压、机制保障和区域落地8项原则,依据食物系统物质、能量、信息和价值等流动规律,通过绿色政策、资本、服务、技术、产品、知识、工程7种调控措施的创新,实施基于绿色阈值的生态环境管控机制、全产业链政策激励机制和技术落地、食物供应与需求结构优化与调控的"转绿、促发、协同"3条路径及9种途径,实现与农业相关的社会、经济、生产力、生态、环境、资源等6类目标协同提升,促进可持续发展目标(SDGs)的实现。建议国家强化农业绿色发展理论、技术和战略研究,尽快实施"创建一套基础数据库、创制一批技术装备、搭建一组科技平台、打造一批示范工程和凝练一系列智库成果"等五个"一"的农业绿色发展科技工程,助推国家农业绿色发展转型。
Agricultural green development, as a novel concept, technical pattern and systematic procedure, is the new direction of China’s agricultural development, but many theoretical and scientific questions about agricultural green development remain unsolved. In this study, we described the theoretical framework and the realization route of agricultural green development in China. Compared with sustainable agricultural development overseas, China’s agricultural green development is considered to focus more on the synergy of "green" and "development", and emphasis the characterized as "green" led by "development" and "development" promoted by "green", which in turn poses difficult challenges for China’s agricultural green development. Ten key points of agricultural green development are proposed in this paper, namely: focusing on food systems;persisting in the two themes, i.e., green and development;reinforcing the three pillars, i.e., society, economy and ecological environment;focusing on the four interfaces, i.e., resources, production, consumption and environment;coordinating the relationships among five stakeholders, i.e., government, farmers, companies, retailers and consumers;following the eight principles, which are input control, resource cycling for improving efficiency, potential realization through integrated management, emission reduction, integration for value appreciation, diet optimization for environmental pressure alleviation, policy mechanism guarantee, and local implementation;respecting the rules of four processes, including materials, energy, information and value flows;innovating the regulatory measures in seven sections of green development, i.e., policy, capital, services, technology, products, knowledge and engineering;taking the three paths of transforming towards, which are the ecological environmental control mechanisms based on green development checkpoints, the implementation of the whole industrial chain green policy and technology, the optimization and regulation of food supply and demand;and realizing these paths through the nine approaches. Eventually, the coordination of the six agriculture-related goals in the social, economic, productivity, ecological, environmental, and resource sectors will be achieved. We propose to enhance key researches on agricultural green development theory, technology, and strategy. We also propose to implement the "five-one" agricultural green development technical engineering projects that promote China’s agricultural green development as early as possible, namely, "one basic database, one batch of technical equipment, one set of science and technology platforms, one batch of demonstration projects and one series of think tank achievements".
作者
马文奇
马林
张建杰
张福锁
MA Wenqi;MA Lin;ZHANG Jianjie;ZHANG Fusuo(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期1103-1112,共10页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
中国工程院咨询研究项目(2019-XZ-25)资助。
关键词
农业绿色发展
减排
生态环境
资源
实现路径
政策建议
Agricultural green development
Emission reduction
Ecological environment
Resources
Realization pathways
Policy advice
