摘要
政法体制作为当代中国最具标识性的制度范畴,是指在执政党的领导下,政法机关和各种治理主体共同建设平安中国和法治中国的治理架构。从古典礼法传统到现代政法体制的历史嬗变过程,反映了中国政治家、思想家对国家治乱兴衰问题一以贯之的政治关切和思想探索。政法体制的基本构造可分解为三组主轴性关系,即政法机关的相互关系、政法机关的外部关系、执政党与政法机关的关系。这三组主轴性关系的规范性原理,构成了政法体制的制度设计和实践操作的基本法则。第一组关系的规范性原理包括自成一体、分工负责、互相配合、互相制约。第二组关系的规范性原理包括社会自治优位、基层治理优位、前端治理优位。第三组关系的规范性原理包括宏观领导、归口领导、法治化领导。对这三组规范性原理的分析表明,中国的政法体制既遵循了现代国家治理的普遍规律和共同机理,又积淀了中国国家治理的本土经验和独特智慧。
As the most iconic institutional category in contemporary China,the political-legal system refers to the grand governance structure under the leadership of the ruling party,in which the political-legal organs and various governance subjects work together to build a safe China and a China under the rule of law.The historical evolution from the classical rites-law tradition to the modern political-legal system reflects the consistent political concerns of and ideological explorations by Chinese politicians and thinkers on the rise and fall of state governance.From the perspective of frame structure,the basic structure of the political-legal system can be decomposed into three groups of principal axis relationships,namely,the relationships among political-legal organs,the external relationships of political-legal organs,and the relationships between the ruling party and political-legal organs.These three groups of normative doctrines constitute the basic principles of the system design and practical operation of the political-legal system.The normative doctrines of the first group of relationships include self-integration,division of labor and responsibility,mutual cooperation and mutual restriction.The normative doctrines of the second group of relationships include social autonomy priority,grass-roots governance priority and front-end governance priority.The normative doctrines of the third group of relationships include macro leadership,centralized leadership and law-based leadership.The analysis on these three groups of normative doctrines shows that the political-legal system not only follows the general law and common mechanism of modern state governance,but also embodies the local experience and unique wisdom of China’s state governance.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期3-22,共20页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“深化司法体制综合配套改革研究”(20ZDA033)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
政法
礼法
法治
政法体制
国家治理
politics and law
rites-law
rule of law
political-legal system
state governance
